汉语量词的D功能研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 03:08

本文选题：DP假设 + 特征核查　；参考：《湖南大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在普遍语法理论和DP层假设背景之下，汉语作为一种普遍认为缺乏冠词的语言，其间是否存在D已引起语言学家广泛关注。本文是在最简方案的理论框架下，借助特征核查分析方法来研究汉语量词的句法结构以及D功能。研究问题主要有以下三个问题：(1)在普遍语法框架下，汉语作为缺乏冠词的语言是否存在着Ｄ成分？如果D成分存在，何种成分有可能承担Ｄ的部分功能？(2)在限定词短语假定下，有定解读的汉语名词短语的内在结构在句法上如何呈现？(3)如何运用特征核查方式来体现和统一解释汉语名词短语在限定词短语假定下的有定解读？针对以上问题，本文在考察汉语南北方言的差异后认为汉语中存在着D成分，并指出D在汉语中的表现形式存在参数差异。其次，本文在逐步考察了光杆名词、量名结构、带数量词的名词性短语和带指示词的名词性短语在动词前和动词后不同句法位置的不同语义解读之后，指出：凡是指称的名词性短语都是限定词短语，且有定的名词性短语结构的限定词都不可以为空。最后，本文用特征核查的方式来解释移位产生的原因，认为在有定解读的名词性短语中，D就如一个带有未被解读的定指特征的探头（probe），该特征强势且需寻找位于它统领范围内（domain）的目标(goal)得到满足。由于参数差异，在以粤语、温州方言等为代表的量词发达型南方语言中，通过量词到D的移位实现该特征;而以指示词发达型北方语言中，要么指示词占据D位置，要么光杆名词移位满足该特征从而实现定指解读。本研究从新的视角解释汉语名词性短语定指解读，，不仅有助于进一步理解汉语量词的特殊用法与意义，而且丰富了汉语量词研究，同时也有助于扩展普遍语法里参数差异。
[Abstract]:Under the background of universal grammatical theory and DP hypothesis, the existence of D in Chinese, as a language that is generally believed to be lacking in articles, has aroused widespread concern among linguists. In this paper, the syntactic structure and D function of Chinese quantifiers are studied by means of feature verification and analysis under the theoretical framework of the simplest scheme. The main research questions are as follows: 1) under the general grammatical framework, is there a D component in Chinese as a language lacking articles? If the D component exists, which component is likely to assume part of D's function?) on the assumption of a qualifier phrase, How does the intrinsic structure of a deterministic Chinese noun phrase appear syntactically?) how to use the method of feature verification to explain the deterministic interpretation of Chinese noun phrase under the assumption of deterministic phrase? In view of the above problems, this paper points out that there is a D component in Chinese, and points out that there are parameter differences in the expression of D in Chinese. Secondly, this paper examines the semantic interpretation of different syntactic positions of bare noun, quantitive noun structure, noun phrase with quantifier and noun phrase with deixis at different syntactic positions before and after the verb. It is pointed out that all referential noun phrases are deterministic phrases, and the determinants of the definite nominal phrase structures can not be empty. Finally, this paper uses the method of feature verification to explain the causes of displacement. It is considered that in a noun phrase with definite interpretation, D is like a probe with an uninterpreted fixed finger feature, which is strong and needs to be satisfied with the target located within the scope of its dominance. Because of the difference of parameters, in the developed southern languages, such as Cantonese, Wenzhou dialect and so on, the feature is realized by shifting quantifiers to D, while the deixis occupy D position in the developed northern languages with deixis. Either the noun shift of the bare pole satisfies this characteristic, thus realizing the definite interpretation. This study not only helps to further understand the special usage and meaning of Chinese classifiers, but also enriches the study of Chinese classifiers and expands the differences of parameters in general grammar.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】