类型学视角下的现代汉语谓宾动词研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 07:46

本文选题：谓宾动词 + 谓词性宾语　；参考：《上海师范大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：本文以现代汉语谓宾动词作为研究对象，在全面考察各类谓宾动词及其所带的谓词性宾语的基础上，通过与世界其他语言同类现象的比较，试图找出汉语谓宾动词的共性特征和个性特点，进而深化汉语谓宾动词的研究。首先，本文以认知语言学范畴化理论为指导，在全面回顾类型学关于谓宾动词研究的基础上，找出世界语言中谓宾动词的共性特点和个性差异：共性特点是谓宾动词后面的谓词性宾语从结构类型上都可以分为三类，，即动词短语、不完全小句和完全小句；个性差异就是同类型的谓宾动词所带的谓词性宾语在结构类型上可以不完全一致。其次，本文根据谓宾动词所带的宾语在结构性质上不同，把汉语的谓宾动词分为五大类：只能带动词性宾语的谓宾动词、只能带兼语宾语的谓宾动词、只能带小句宾语的谓宾动词、能带动词性宾语和兼语宾语的谓宾动词和能带动词性宾语和小句宾语的谓宾动词；并且分别对只能带动词性宾语的谓宾动词、只能带兼语宾语的谓宾动词以及只能带小句宾语的谓宾动词进行了详细的考察，同时根据其后宾语的指称化程度或宾语与动词是否具有致使义或宾语是否能够独立成句，对这三类动词做了进一步的下位分类。最后，本文还从英、韩、汉对比的角度探讨了三种语言同类型谓宾动词在带谓词性宾语上存在的共性和差异；同时也探讨了汉语有些谓宾动词只能带疑问句形式宾语的现象；文章结尾还对汉语学界提出“谓宾动词”的积极性和消极性提出了自己的一点看法。本文的研究与以往研究相比，创新之处主要有：总结出世界语言中谓宾动词所带宾语从结构上可以分为三类：动词短语、不完全小句和完全小句；明确指出只能带动词性宾语的汉语谓宾动词，其宾语可以根据指称化程度分为三类：具体事件指称化、类事件指称化和物化事件指称化；本文把兼语式处理为动词加兼语宾语，并从词汇赋义和结构赋义角度把兼宾动词分为两类：典型兼宾动词和非典型兼宾动词；本文认为“谓宾动词”的实质就是两个事态之间的连接问题。
[Abstract]:On the basis of a comprehensive investigation of all kinds of predicate verbs and their predicate objects, this paper makes a comparison with the similar phenomena in other languages in the world. This paper tries to find out the common and individual characteristics of Chinese predicate verbs, and then deepen the study of Chinese predicate verbs. First of all, guided by the categorization theory of cognitive linguistics, this paper reviews the study of predicate verbs in typology. Find out the common features and individual differences of predicate verbs in the world language: the common feature is that the predicate objects after predicate verbs can be divided into three types from the structural types, namely, verb phrases, incomplete clauses and complete clauses; Personality difference is that the predicate object of the same type of predicate verb can not be completely consistent in structure type. Secondly, according to the structural nature of the predicate verb, this paper divides the predicate verb into five categories: the predicate verb that can only drive the object of part of speech, the predicate verb that can only bring the object of the part of speech, and the predicate verb that can only bring the object of the part of speech. The predicate and object verbs with only clause objects, the predicate and object verbs with part of speech objects and concurrent objects and the predicate object verbs with part of speech objects and clause objects, and the predicate and object verbs with only part of speech objects, The predicate object verbs with only concurrent objects and the predicate object verbs with only clauses are investigated in detail, and according to the referential degree of the subsequent objects or whether the object and the verb have causative meaning or whether the object can be independently formed into a sentence, The three kinds of verbs are further classified in lower order. Finally, from the perspective of contrast between English, Korean and Chinese, this paper discusses the similarities and differences of predicate object verbs in the three languages, and also discusses the phenomenon that some predicate and object verbs in Chinese can only have the formal objects of interrogative sentences. At the end of the article, the author puts forward his own opinion on the positivity and negativity of predicate verb. Compared with the previous studies, the main innovations of this paper are as follows: summing up the object brought by predicate verbs in the world language can be divided into three categories: verb phrases, incomplete clauses and complete clauses; It is clearly pointed out that the Chinese predicate verb can be divided into three categories according to its referential degree: specific event referential, class event referential and materialized event referential. From the angle of lexical meaning and structural meaning, this paper divides the verb of compound object into two categories: the verb of typical and the verb of object, and the essence of the verb of predicate and object is the connection between the two states of affairs.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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