“被”字句句式语义研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 09:16

本文选题：“被”字句 + 语义“把”字句　；参考：《北京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：关于“被”字句的句式语义,传统的说法是表示被动关系,如今越来越多的人认为是表示致使。但我们发现,这两种说法都不能概括住所有的“被”字句,“被”字句的句式语义并不是单一的。那么是什么原因导致了“被”字句句式语义的多样性呢?“被”字句的句式语义究竟有哪些类型呢?这几种类型的句式语义之间又存在什么样的扩展演变关系呢?本文通过共时和历时语料的搜集和分析,尝试解答这三个问题。我们认为,“被”字句句式语义的多样性与其为主动句、“把”字句等多种句式的对应句式有关,并据此对其句式语义进行了共时的分类和描写,接着通过历时的考察来进一步探究这些句式语义之间的扩展演变关系。从共时的角度来看,“被”字句的句式语义,可根据对应句式的不同分为一般被动、致使被动和遭遇被动三种类型,不过这三种类型之间也存在一些中间类型。此外,我们还将致使性“被”字句和“把”字句进行了比较,发现二者在致使情景观察视角和致使性的强弱方面存在差异。从历时的角度来看,一般性“被”字句大约于战国末期萌芽,西汉时期开始向致使被动扩展,六朝时期出现了典型的致使性“被”字句,到唐五代时逐渐完成了源自大部分一般性“被”字句的语义扩展。此外,随着一般性“被”字句和致使性“被”字句的发展,二者中分别有少数在唐五代时期开始向遭遇被动扩展和演变,并在南宋时期出现了典型的遭遇性“被”字句。遭遇性“被”字句产生并获得一定发展之后,到现代逐渐消亡了。另外,我们还对一般被动向致使被动和遭遇被动扩展、致使被动向遭遇被动演变以及遭遇被动的式微等问题进行了尝试性解释。
[Abstract]:As for the sentence semantics of "Bei", the traditional way of saying is passive relationship, now more and more people think it means causation. However, we find that neither of these two statements can generalize all the "be" sentences, and the sentence semantics of the "be" sentences are not single. So what is the reason for the semantic diversity of the sentence "be"? What are the types of sentence semantics of "Bei" sentence? What kind of extended evolutionary relationship exists between these types of sentence semantics? This paper attempts to answer these three questions through the collection and analysis of synchronic and diachronic corpus. We think that the variety of semantic forms of "Bei" sentence is related to its active sentence, "Ba" sentence and other corresponding sentence patterns, and the synchronic classification and description of its syntactic semantics. Then, through the diachronic investigation, we further explore the extended and evolving relationship between these syntactic semantics. From the synchronic point of view, the sentence semantics of "Bei" sentence can be divided into three types according to the different corresponding sentence patterns, which result in three types of passive and encountering passivity, but there are some intermediate types among the three types. In addition, we compare the causative "Bei" sentence with the "Ba" sentence, and find that there are differences between them in the perspective of causative situational observation and the strength of causality. From a diachronic point of view, the general sentence "Bei" began to sprout at the end of the warring States period, and the Western Han Dynasty began to expand passively to cause, and the typical causative "Bei" sentence appeared in the six dynasties. By the Tang and the five dynasties, the semantic expansion of most of the general "Bei" sentences had been completed. In addition, with the development of the general "Bei" sentence and the causative "Bei" sentence, a few of them began to expand and evolve to encounter passively during the Tang and five dynasties, and a typical encounter "Bei" sentence appeared in the Southern Song Dynasty. After the emergence and development of encounter word "be", it gradually died out in modern times. In addition, we also try to explain some problems such as passive and encountering passive expansion, passive evolution and passive decline.
【学位授予单位】：北京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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