英汉语言作格句的句法-语义对比分析

发布时间：2018-05-23 13:45

本文选题：作格句 + 英汉对比　；参考：《宁波大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本研究主要讨论了以下三个议题：1）英汉作格句在句法-语义方面的共相和殊相；2）英汉作格句的认知机制和动因；3）英汉作格句的类型学阐释。主要有以下发现：句法方面，共相是：1）英汉作格句皆可采用过去时或完成体；2）英汉双向作格动词要求其主语的构式为N Pa+NPb；3）英汉作格句各成分呈现两个分布共性：NPin+EV和EV+(Comp)。殊相在于：1）英语时间副词already不具有作格的内在特性，而汉语时间副词已和已经有作格的内在特性；2）合成类作格动词（该术语只限于本研究）是英语特有的；3）构成英语派生类作格动词的词缀具有多样性，而其在汉语中则呈现单一性；4）复合类英汉作格动词体现种类互补的特征。语义方面，共相是：1）英汉作格动词中都存在同义、反义和上下义的语义关系；2）动结式作格动词中的结果义项和动趋式作格动词中的方向义项是其作格句的语义重心。殊相是：1）英语动结式作格动词结果义项包含在“四义一体”的动词语素中，而汉语动结式作格动词结果义项却包含在“三义一体”的动词语素后的补语语素中；2）自然语料所示，表方向或路径的卫星词是英语动趋式作格句中不可缺少的成分，而在汉语中，卫星词的出现具有选择性。从认知角度来分析，英汉作格句的认知机制是转喻。该机制的认知动机是：1） NPin的图形作用，2）E V+(Comp)的象似性，3）NPin，EV+(Com p)所共有的概念自主性。语言类型学分析提出两点关于英汉作格动词区别于其他动词的原因：1）作为英汉语言语序共性的SVO只是一种语序趋向，因为作格句是这一语序共性的例外；2）本研究提出的“作格动词语法等级”表明，当出现在作格句中时，，作格动词总是一价和主动的，往往使用陈述语气，一般采用过去时或完成体。
[Abstract]:This study focuses on the following three topics: 1) syntactic and semantic similarities and differences between English and Chinese as case sentences (2) the cognitive mechanism and motivation of English and Chinese case making (3) the typological interpretation of English and Chinese case sentences. The main findings are as follows: Syntactically, the syntactic aspect is: 1) the past tense or the perfect aspect can be used in both English and Chinese case sentences) the subject construction of the English and Chinese bi-directional constructions is N Pa NPb / 3) the components of the English and Chinese constructions present two distributive commonalities: NPin EV and EV / C. The English time adverb "already" does not have the inherent characteristic of making case. However, the Chinese temporal adverbs have and already have the inherent characteristics of the case. (2) the compound case verb (the term is limited to this study) is a special English verb. The affixes that form the English derivative verb are diverse. But in Chinese, the compound English and Chinese verbs embody the characteristics of complementarity of types. In terms of semantics, the synonym exists in both English and Chinese verbs, and the semantic relationship between the antonym and the upper and lower meanings. 2) the result meaning in the verb of the verb and the direction meaning in the case verb are the semantic center of the case. In English, the resultant meaning of the verb is contained in the verb morpheme of "four meanings as a whole", while the result meaning of the verb in Chinese is included in the complement morpheme after the verb morpheme of "three meanings in one" (2) the natural corpus shows that the meaning of the resultant verb is contained in the verb morpheme of "four meanings as a whole". The satellite word of direction or path is an indispensable component in English movement-trending construction, while in Chinese, the appearance of satellite word is selective. From the cognitive point of view, the cognitive mechanism of English and Chinese case sentences is metonymy. The cognitive motivation of this mechanism is the conceptual autonomy shared by the image likeness of NPin. An analysis of linguistic typology points out that the reason why English and Chinese ergative verbs are different from other verbs: 1) as a common word order between English and Chinese, SVO is only a word order trend. (2) the grammatical hierarchy of case verbs proposed in this study shows that, when they appear in a case, they are always univalent and active, often using a declarative tone. The past tense or perfect body is generally used.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H314;H146

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