泰国高中生对汉字字形的认识及其对汉字书写的影响

发布时间：2018-05-23 16:25

本文选题：汉字教学 + 汉字字形　；参考：《广西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：汉字是汉语的书写符号系统。要学好汉语,特别是要获得汉语的读写能力,具备汉语书面语言交际能力,就必须学习和掌握一定数量的汉字。而汉字自身的特点以及汉字习得理论的滞后,致使汉字在很大程度上成了海外学生汉语学习的瓶颈。因此,在汉字教学研究蓬勃发展的同时注重对汉字习得的研究是必不可少的。为更好了解泰国高中生学习汉字的现状,本文着重调查研究了泰国南部宋卡府合艾市的高中生对于汉字字形的认识及其对汉字书写的影响,针对学生的汉语学习背景尤其是汉字书写的习得背景、学生对于汉字字形的认识及其对汉字书写能力获得的影响等做出了一系列的调查研究。研究显示,泰国高中生在不利的外部学习环境影响下,内部因素仍更严重的制约了他们对汉字书写的学习。在对汉字外部形态的认识上,泰国高中生大多将汉字理解为“线段的组合”,这种对汉字外形的认识是粗略的,势必对汉字笔画、部件的理解造成不利影响。在汉字内部系统及与其他系统间的认识上,被调查者往往会把汉字与汉语普通话两个层面割裂开来,这样的后果是无法理解字义,加重识记汉字的难度,不符合汉字的认知与学习规律；汉字和泰文分属不同的语言系统,掌握了母语的泰国学生在认知学习汉字时需要克服本身文化和文字书写的负迁移影响,需要付出加倍的努力；此外,汉字是象形文字,与画同源。但由于汉字已经过了长期的衍变,在泰国学生那里,汉字就成了抽象的无法理解的符号,他们在书写时就会出现笔画、部件的错漏等问题。在汉字内部构件及其组合间的认识上,被调查者对笔画的认识还很模糊,对笔顺的认识更无从谈起,所以,很多学生书写的汉字辨认会很困难,会打击学生学习的主动性和积极性。基于以上调查,笔者总结出汉字书写教学中的重难点,并进一步提出了有效的教学设想。重难点可以概括为：重点强化泰国学生的汉字笔画、部件意识,解决学生的畏难心理以及重视泰文书写习惯的负迁移作用。进一步的教学设想为：首先,避重就轻地消灭学生的畏难情绪；其次,强化笔画、部件的教学,避免学生只看字形的整体习得；最后,繁体字与造字法辅助教学,在以旧带新的学习中,提升学生的学习兴趣,并进一步增强学生的部件意识。对于上述教学设想还待于进一步的实践总结,笔者会利用在外执教的机会进一步调查实践。
[Abstract]:Chinese character is the writing symbol system of Chinese. To learn Chinese well, especially to acquire the ability of reading and writing, and to have the communicative ability of Chinese written language, we must learn and master a certain number of Chinese characters. The characteristics of Chinese characters and the lag of Chinese character acquisition theory make Chinese characters become the bottleneck of overseas students' Chinese learning to a great extent. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the study of Chinese character acquisition while the teaching and research of Chinese characters is booming. In order to better understand the current situation of high school students learning Chinese characters in Thailand, this paper focuses on the investigation and study on the understanding of Chinese characters and their influence on the writing of Chinese characters among senior high school students in He-ai City, Songkavu, South Thailand. According to the students' learning background, especially the acquisition background of Chinese characters, the students' understanding of Chinese characters and their influence on the acquisition of Chinese characters' writing ability are investigated. The study shows that Thai senior high school students' learning of Chinese characters is still more seriously restricted by internal factors under the influence of unfavorable external learning environment. In understanding the external form of Chinese characters, most high school students in Thailand understand Chinese characters as "the combination of line segments". This understanding of the shape of Chinese characters is rough, which is bound to adversely affect the understanding of strokes and components of Chinese characters. In the understanding of the internal system of Chinese characters and between them and other systems, the respondents often separate the two levels of Chinese characters and Mandarin Chinese, which has the consequence of being unable to understand the meaning of characters and making it more difficult to memorize Chinese characters. Chinese characters and Thai characters belong to different language systems. Thai students who have mastered their mother tongue need to overcome the negative transfer influence of their own culture and writing, so they need to pay more efforts. In addition, Chinese characters are hieroglyphics, and the painting is the same. But because Chinese characters have gone through a long period of evolution, Chinese characters have become abstract and incomprehensible symbols among Thai students. In terms of the understanding of the internal components of Chinese characters and their combinations, the respondents' understanding of stroke is still very vague, and the understanding of stroke is even more difficult. Therefore, many students will have difficulty in recognizing Chinese characters written by them. It will discourage students' initiative and enthusiasm in learning. Based on the above investigation, the author sums up the important and difficult points in the teaching of Chinese character writing, and puts forward some effective teaching ideas. The most important and difficult points can be summarized as follows: the emphasis is to strengthen Thai students' Chinese character strokes, the consciousness of parts, to solve the students' psychology of fear of difficulties, and to attach importance to the negative transfer of Thai writing habits. The further teaching ideas are: first, to eliminate the students' fear of difficulties; secondly, to strengthen the teaching of strokes and parts, to avoid the students only looking at the whole acquisition of glyph; finally, to assist in teaching traditional Chinese characters and the method of creating characters. In the new learning with the old belt, enhance the students' interest in learning, and further enhance the students' awareness of the components. The author will make use of the opportunity of teaching outside to further investigate the practice.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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