“A是B之一”句式研究

发布时间：2018-05-25 01:06

本文选题：“A是B之一” + 句法结构　；参考：《浙江师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：日常生活中常常听到诸如“他是我们学校最帅的男生之一。”“中国是世界上最大的国家之一。”类似的句式。然而,在传统的语法规范中它们是否“合法’是有争议的,也就是极量副词“最”能否和“之一”搭配的问题,前人对此已有论述,但未注意到“之一”在这类句式中的作用,更没有没有对包含“之一”的判断归类句做全面的考察。本文以此作为切入点,在梳理前人研究的基础之上,通过大量语料的分析,主要运用定量描写和定性分析相结合的方法从句法结构形式、语义功能、语用意义以及转换比较研究等角度对“A是B之一”句式进行了描写解释,并详细分析了它与相关句式的不同之处,在以下几个方面提出了自己的观点： 1.“A是B之一”结构中A的句法结构类型比B要丰富得多,它可以由名词及名词短语、动词及动词短语、代词和一些形容词等来充当,而B的成分则主要是偏正结构的名词性短语、光杆名词和极个别述宾短语。“A是B之一”中的“是”一般不出现否定形式,可以受副词修饰,还可以用“为”、“系”等替换。整个“A是B之一”格式既可以单独作为小句存在,也可以作为句内的成分或分句而出现,多数情况下做小句。“A是B之一”在其7种相关句式中数量占优势。 2.“之一”具有[+部分]义素。“A是B之一”的语义特征是表示归类,其内部又可以根据A是体词还是非体词性成分分为真同归类和准同归类两类,不能表示存在、等同、描写和说明。这是由该格式自身以及A、B之间的语义关系决定的。 3.A是主题,“之一”是“A是B之一”要表达的焦点,发话人交际的目的是凸显A属于B这一范围,所以应该重视A。“最XN,没有之一”、“最……之一”、“……之一”言说对象的范围不同：第一个结构仅仅强调表示处于顶点位置的XN；第二个结构可以表示靠近最高量级的一部分；第三个结构可以表示整个范围内的任意点。我们试图由此揭示“A是B之一”更加符合汉语经济准确而不夸张的交际心理。“A是B之一”句式中A作为主题反映了发话人交际视点的移动,同时也使受话人明确了关涉对象,引入了主题。“A是B之一”一般是陈述句,在极个别疑问句中作为句内成分使用,少数情况下,因陈述者感情的强烈可见于感叹句,没有见到祈使句的例句。 4.“A是B”、“A是B之一”、“A是(一)量B”在一定的条件下可以替换。倾向使用“A是B”或“A是(一)量B”的条件是：(1)当A为个体时,表达强调的是A的“质”而非“量”或者B的可及性很低；(2)A为非个体。倾向使用“A是B之一”的条件是：(1)表达强调的是A的“量”而非“质”； (2)B中不含“集体”概念词语,用其他两种形式可误解为等同；(3)用其他两种形式不合交际心理需求。三种形式都可以使用的情况是：(1)B中含有“集体”概念词语,用其他两种形式不致误解为等同；(2)社会交际心理需求的发展变化。在一定时期内B的组成成分中有无表示“集体”概念词语是制约“A是B之一”和“A是B”或“A是(一)量B”转换的重点,能否转换同时还受社会的发展,人们交际的心理和方式影响。
[Abstract]:Everyday life is often heard, such as "he is one of the most handsome boys in our school." "China is one of the largest countries in the world." similar sentences. However, it is controversial whether they are "legitimate" in the traditional grammatical norms, that is, the problem of the maximum adverb "most" and "one". There is no attention to the role of "one" in this type of sentence, but not a comprehensive investigation of the category sentence containing "one". As a breakthrough point, this paper, on the basis of combing the predecessors' research, through the analysis of a large number of corpus, mainly uses the method of combining quantitative description and qualitative analysis from the syntax to the syntax. The structural form, the semantic function, the pragmatic meaning and the comparative study of the transformation are described and interpreted in terms of "A is one of the B" sentence patterns, and the differences between it and the related sentence patterns are analyzed in detail, and their views are put forward in the following aspects:
1. "A is one of the B" structures, the syntactic structure of A is much more abundant than B. It can be used as a noun and noun phrase, verb and verb phrase, pronoun and some adjectives, while B is mainly a nominal noun phrase, a light pole noun and a very individual predicate phrase. "Yes" in "A is one of B" is generally not. There is a negative form, which can be modified by adverbs, and can be replaced by "for" or "department". The whole "A is one of B" format can either exist as a clause alone or as an element or clause within a sentence. In most cases, a clause is made. "A is one of B" in its 7 related sentence patterns.
2. "one" has [+ partial] sememe. "A is one of the B" semantic features is to represent the classification, which can be divided into two categories according to A or non body parts, which can not represent existence, equivalence, description and explanation. This is determined by the semantic relationship between the body of the format and the A, B.
3.A is the theme, "one" is the focus of "A is one of B". The purpose of the speaker's communication is to highlight the extent that A belongs to B, so we should attach importance to A. "the most XN, no one", "the most. One", and "one". The range of the object is different: the first structure only emphasizes the XN in the vertex position; the second structure It can be expressed as a part of the highest order of magnitude; third structures can represent any point in the whole range. We try to reveal that "A is one of B" more conforms to the accurate and not exaggerated communicative psychology of Chinese economy. "A is one of the B" sentence patterns, as a theme that reflects the movement of the speaker's Communicative View and also makes the recipient. The subject is clearly defined. "A is one of the B" is generally a declarative sentence, used as an internal component in a few interrogative sentences. In a few cases, the declarator's feelings are strongly seen in exclamatory sentences and no examples of the imperative sentences.
4. "A is B", "A is one of B", "A is (1) B" can be replaced under certain conditions. The tendency to use "A is B" or "A is (one)" B "is: (1) when A is an individual, the expression emphasizes the" quality "of A, not" quantity "or" the accessibility "is very low; (2) it is a non individual. Tendencies tend to use" one of those "conditions are (1) expression emphasizes A's "quantity" rather than "quality".
(2) there is no "collective" concept in B, which can be misunderstood in the other two forms; (3) the other two forms of uncommunicative psychological needs. The three forms can be used: (1) B contains the "collective" concept words, and the other two forms are not mistaken as equivalent; (2) the development and change of social communication psychological needs. In a certain period of time, whether there is a "collective" concept in the composition of B is the key to restricting the transformation of "A is one of B" and "A is B" or "A is (one) quantity B". Whether the conversion is also influenced by the social development and the psychological and mode of people's communication at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146.2

【参考文献】