基于语料库的“下来”“下去”句法语义研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 11:18

本文选题：下来 + 下去　；参考：《湖南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为现代汉语中常见的一对趋向动词，“下来”、“下去”在功能和意义上有很多相似之处。前人对“下来”、“下去”的研究基本上集中在对语义特点和分类上，句法上主要描述了这两个词出现的句式，而没有进行解释。本文基于北大语料库小说类型中出现的语料，以是否发生位移为标准，通过空间和时间维度上的重新分类对大量的语料进行分析，发现“下来”、“下去”作补语有时能交换使用，有时不宜交换使用，有时甚至根本不能交换使用。因此，，本文从句法语义结合的层面，探讨“下来”、“下去”作补语时出现的句法语义限制条件，并从认知语言学的角度作出理据性分析。本文通过“下来”、“下去”互换使用的三种情况对“下来”、“下去”的句法语义限制进行分析。研究发现“下来”、“下去”的语义特征对他们能否互换起到关键作用。从有界无界的角度看，“下来”有终点，是有界的，而“下去”无终点，是无界的，这两词只能分别与相对应的有界或无界成分搭配使用；在此过程中，主观化也起到一定作用，当观察预设了立足点时，我们根据视角的不同选用“下来”或“下去”；当语义上空间性弱，句子客观性减弱，主观性加强，此时“下来”、“下去”能灵活换用，基本上不影响句意。由此反映出语义是语言最基本的成分，能在一定程度上决定句法分布，并且人们对语言的使用与其认知能力是分不开的。语义上有界无界的特点及观察的不同视角，使人们在不同情况下选用“下来”、“下去”。
[Abstract]:As a common pair of directional verbs in modern Chinese, "down" and "go" have many similarities in function and meaning. Previous researches on "come down" and "go down" basically focus on the semantic characteristics and classification. Syntactically, they mainly describe the syntactic patterns of the two words, but do not explain them. Based on the data of the novel types in Peking University corpus, this paper analyzes a large number of data by reclassifying the spatial and temporal dimensions according to whether displacement occurs, and finds that "come down". "go" as a complement can sometimes be used interchangeably, sometimes not in exchange, or even not at all. Therefore, from the aspect of syntactic and semantic combination, this paper discusses the syntactic and semantic constraints that appear when "down" and "go" as complements, and makes a motivational analysis from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. This paper analyzes the syntactic and semantic limitations of "come down" and "go down" through the three cases of "down" and "go" interchangeably. It is found that the semantic features of "down" and "down" play a key role in their interchangeability. From a bounded and unbounded point of view, "down" has an end, is bounded, and "goes" without an end, is unbounded, and the two words can only be used in conjunction with the corresponding bounded or unbounded component, respectively; in the process, Subjectivization also plays a certain role. When we observe the preset foothold, we choose "down" or "go down" according to different perspectives; when the semantic space is weak, the objectivity of sentences is weakened and subjectivity is strengthened, we "come down". "go down" can be used flexibly, basically without affecting the meaning of a sentence. It shows that semantics is the most basic component of language, which can determine the syntactic distribution to a certain extent, and people's use of language is inseparable from their cognitive ability. The semantic characteristics of bounded and unbounded and the different perspectives of observation make people choose "down" and "down" under different circumstances.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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