善意谎言的语用分析—基于顺应论的研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 21:13

本文选题：善意谎言 + 顺应论　；参考：《郑州大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：几乎在每一种文化中,诚实都受到高度重视。说实话通常被认为是一件好事。对于那些把自己的利益建立在损害他人利益之上的恶意谎言,这一说法无疑是正确的；然而对于善意谎言来说,这一说法并非就是如此。善意谎言,作为一种常见的语言现象,在社会生活中根深蒂固。善意谎言的研究属于谎言研究范畴,涉及如心理学、伦理学和语言学等领域。以往的谎言研究在自己的领域做出了一定的成就,但是他们中的大多数研究只是强调各自不同的研究目的和方法,突出不同的方面。而善意谎言这一过程涉及认知、社会、文化和心理因素。它是一个动态的过程,并且往往是由不断变化的语境所引发。因此,本文拟用维索尔伦的顺应论来分析善意谎言这一现象,并试图解释其本质及其运行机制。顺应论是一个从社会、认知和心理的视角来分析语用问题的一个理论,因此它会给善意谎言一个更有说服力的解释。首先,作者尝试着给出善意谎言的定义,即善意谎言是说话人出于良性动机,故意欺骗听话人,从而造成有利于或至少是无害于听话人的情况。善意谎言的三个特征可以从这个定义中显示出来,即,欺骗性、意图性和无害的特征。其次,本文使用维索尔伦的顺应论来分析善意谎言的本质。善意谎言是选择的结果,是语言顺应的结果。善意谎言的使用是顺应物理世界、社交世界和心理世界的；它是说话者从一系列可供选择的策略中不断选择的结果,从而达到一定的交际目的,这一选择过程具有较强的意识或显著的意识突显性。然后,作者对说话人在实际语言运用中对善意谎言这一选择的具体过程进行了描述与分析。作者还对这些不同的因素是如何对善意谎言这一选择施加影响的进行了分析。这些不同的因素包括社交距离、社会地会、社会期望、交际者的情感、目的,性格等。最后,本文总结了善意谎言的语用功能。因为善意谎言和人们的生活紧密相连,因此善意谎言的语用功能应该引起我们足够的重视。顺应论研究“语言在人类生活中如何发挥作用”?那么善意谎言在人类生活中都有什么功能呢?在本论文中,善意谎言的五个主要语用功能会被阐述：人际功能、情感功能、保存面子功能、安慰功能和鼓励功能。作者希望进一步研究善意谎言以帮助人们正确、明智的使用它,从而提高人们的交际能力。此外,人们使用善意谎言使其话语顺应语境,并帮助他们实现其特点的交际目的,从而确保交际的成功。
[Abstract]:Honesty is highly valued in almost every culture. To tell the truth is usually considered a good thing. This is certainly true for white lies that put their own interests at the expense of others; but this is not the case with white lies. As a common language phenomenon, white lies are deeply rooted in social life. The study of white lies belongs to the category of lies, including psychology, ethics and linguistics. Previous studies on lies have made some achievements in their own fields, but most of them only emphasize their different purposes and methods and highlight different aspects. The white lie process involves cognitive, social, cultural and psychological factors. It is a dynamic process and is often triggered by changing contexts. Therefore, this paper attempts to analyze the phenomenon of white lies with Visorren's theory of adaptation, and try to explain its essence and operation mechanism. Adaptation theory is a theory that analyzes pragmatic problems from the perspective of society, cognition and psychology, so it will give a more convincing explanation to white lies. First of all, the author tries to give the definition of white lie, that is, white lie is a situation in which the speaker deliberately deceives the hearer out of a benign motive, thus creating a situation that is beneficial to or at least harmless to the hearer. The three characteristics of white lies can be found in this definition: deceptive, intentional and harmless. Secondly, this paper analyzes the nature of white lies by using Visorun's adaptation theory. White lies are the result of choice and language adaptation. The use of white lies is adapted to the physical, social and psychological worlds; it is the result of the speaker's constant choice from a range of alternative strategies to achieve a certain communicative purpose. This choice process has strong consciousness or remarkable consciousness salience. Then, the author describes and analyzes the process of choosing white lies in the actual use of language. The author also analyzes how these different factors influence the choice of white lies. These different factors include social distance, social society, social expectation, communicator's emotion, purpose, character, etc. Finally, this paper summarizes the pragmatic functions of white lies. Because white lies are closely related to people's lives, the pragmatic functions of white lies should be paid more attention. "how does language play a role in human life"? So what are the functions of white lies in human life? In this thesis, the five main pragmatic functions of white lies are explained: interpersonal function, emotional function, face-saving function, comfort function and encouragement function. The author hopes to further study white lies in order to help people to use them correctly and wisely, so as to improve their communicative competence. In addition, people use white lies to adapt their utterances to the context and help them to achieve their communicative purposes in order to ensure the success of communication.
【学位授予单位】：郑州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H030

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