汉语有标记反实条件句预设的研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 21:10

本文选题：汉语反实条件句 + 语义预设　；参考：《湘潭大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：预设一直是人们关注的热点，但对预设触发语的研究相对较少，而针对某一类预设触发语预设的微观研究仍未见于文献。本文在可能世界语义理论的框架下，对汉语有标记反实条件句的预设进行多角度的研究，包括对汉语有标记反实条件句预设的具体过程进行解读，对反实条件句的预设及其真值条件的关系进行分析及对反实条件句的预设与反事实思维之间的关系进行分析。研究发现如下：首先，无论汉语有标记反实条件句的前后件时间是否一致，其预设均由以下四个因素共同触发，即，“如果”的语义，条件句前件的时间，汉语有标记反实条件句前件的肯定与否定形式的语义互补关系，“存在”和“不存在”的语义互补关系。可见汉语有标记反实条件句预设的触发与其前件关系更为密切。其次，汉语有标记反实条件句的真值条件句可总结为以下三点：前件在其上为真的可能世界；与现实世界最相似的可能世界；后件在其上为真的可能世界。汉语有标记反实条件句的预设与第二个真值条件密切相关，为帮助区分与现实世界最相似的可能世界的最重要因素。再次，Bloom (20-98)认为由于汉语中缺乏虚拟式，，所以说汉语的人不善于反事实思维，本研究的发现与Bloom的观点相左。汉语中没有虚拟式，但和英语条件句一样，汉语条件句也分为真实条件句和反实条件句，且反实条件句所触发的预设与相应的英语反实条件句的预设完全相同，英汉条件句在语义上完全对等，由此说明是否善于反事实思维与语言中是否有虚拟式并无直接联系。本研究也从一个侧面支持了语言相对论假说弱式。
[Abstract]:Presupposition has always been the focus of attention, but the research on presupposition triggers is relatively few, while the microscopic research on presupposition is still not seen in the literature. Under the framework of the theory of possible world semantics, this paper studies the presupposition of Chinese marked anti-real conditionals from various angles, including the interpretation of the specific process of the presupposition of Chinese marked anti-real conditionals. This paper analyzes the relationship between the presupposition and the truth condition of the anti-real conditional sentence and the relationship between the presupposition of the anti-real conditional sentence and the counterfactual thinking. The study found the following: First of all, regardless of whether the time before and after the sentence is the same or not, the presupposition is triggered by the following four factors, namely, the semantics of "if" and the time of the preceding part of the conditional sentence. The semantic complementary relationship between positive and negative forms of positive and negative forms, and the semantic complementation between "existence" and "non-existence". It can be seen that the presupposition trigger of Chinese marked contractile conditional sentence is more closely related to its antecedents. Secondly, the truth conditional sentence of Chinese marked anti-reality conditional sentence can be summed up as follows: the former piece is the real possible world on it; the possible world most similar to the real world; and the latter part is the real possible world on it. The presupposition of Chinese marked anti-real conditionals is closely related to the second truth condition, which is the most important factor to help distinguish the possible world, which is most similar to the real world. Again, Bloom 20-98) argues that Chinese speakers are not good at counterfactual thinking due to the lack of virtual form in Chinese. The findings of this study are contrary to Bloom's view. There is no virtual form in Chinese, but like English conditional sentence, Chinese conditional sentence is divided into real conditional sentence and anti-real conditional sentence, and the presupposition triggered by the anti-real conditional sentence is exactly the same as that of the corresponding English counterfactual conditional sentence. English and Chinese conditional sentences are semantically equivalent, which shows that there is no direct connection between whether they are good at counterfactual thinking and whether there is a virtual form in the language. This study also supports the weak form of linguistic relativity hypothesis.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】