“除非”的多角度研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 05:59

本文选题：“除非” + 粘合　；参考：《南昌大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文以“除非”为研究对象,在前贤研究的基础上,从多个角度对“除非”进行了系统分析。第一章先综述前贤关于“除非”的相关研究,然后指明了本文的创新之处、研究意义及研究思路；最后说明本文主要采用的理论及语料来源和标注。第二章从历时角度,分别探讨了“除”与“非”的发展演变,“除非”粘合成词及语法化历程和诱因。研究表明,“除非”在初唐粘合为一个介词,表示排除义“除……外”。其粘合成词的时间在“除”语法化为介词之后。“除A不B”、“非A不B”促使了“除非A不B”的产生,强化、类推及主观性和主观化等是“除非”语法化的主要诱因。“除非”在晚唐虚化成连词,主要功能是连接前后分句。从晚唐至清代,连词“除非”产生的六种句式是现代汉语“除非”句式的来源。第三章从共时角度,分别从句法、语义和语用三个平面探讨“除非”,重点分析其语用方面。“除非”既可以用于单句、复句,又可以用于篇章。其复句有肯定式和否定式共五种。“除非”兼有“排除”义和“只有”义。“除非”句的逻辑语义关系有顺应关系和排除关系。语用功能主要有焦点标记功能、强调功能、追加补充功能、插说功能和表明主观态度功能。在篇章中,“除非”作为篇章连接成分衔接前后具有条件、添加或转折语义关系的句子,有衔接功能、突出功能、预示功能及提起话题功能。第四章从对外汉语教学角度,综合上文历时和共时分析的研究成果针对性考察了留学生使用“除非”常见的偏误类型：句法偏误、与“除了”混用偏误、逻辑语义关系偏误及语用偏误。五个偏误成因是：对句法结构不明晰、和相近语义的词混用、母语影响、语言与逻辑不一致及忽视语境与回避。最后根据前文研究成果、偏误类型、成因及教学大纲和教材对“除非”的描写提出了五个教学对策：与学习者母语相比较、与“除了”“只有”作对比练习、加强语料输入、讲练结合及分阶段有侧重地教学。
[Abstract]:On the basis of the former scholars' research, this paper makes a systematic analysis of "except" from several angles. In the first chapter, the author first summarizes the relevant research on "except", and then points out the innovation, significance and research ideas of this paper, and finally explains the theory, the source of corpus and the annotation used in this paper. The second chapter discusses the development and evolution of "except" and "non-" from a diachronic point of view, and the process and inducement of grammaticalization. Studies show that unless "in the early Tang Dynasty to a preposition, meaning exclusion. Outside. The time when it becomes a word is after "except" grammar becomes a preposition. "except A not B" and "non-A not B" promote the emergence, reinforcement, analogy, subjectivity and subjectivization of "unless A not B" are the main inducements of the grammaticalization of "except". Unless "in late Tang Dynasty, the main function is to connect before and after clauses. From the late Tang Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty, the six sentence patterns of the conjunct "Yu" are the source of the sentence pattern of "Yu" in modern Chinese. In chapter three, we discuss the "non-exception" from synchronic, semantic and pragmatic perspectives, focusing on its pragmatic aspects. "unless" can be used in either a single sentence, a complex sentence, or a text. There are five kinds of complex sentences: positive and negative. Unless "both" exclude "meaning" and "only" meaning. The logical semantic relation of "Yu" sentence has the relation of adaptation and exclusion. Pragmatic functions mainly include focus mark function, emphasis function, supplementary function, interposition function and subjective attitude function. In a text, "unless" is a sentence with conditions, adding or turning semantic relations before and after cohesion as a connecting component of a text. It has cohesion function, prominent function, predictive function and topic raising function. Chapter four, from the perspective of teaching Chinese as a foreign language, synthesizes the research results of diachronic and synchronic analysis above, and investigates the common types of errors used by foreign students: syntactic errors, syntactic errors and mixed errors. Logical semantic errors and pragmatic errors. The causes of the five errors are as follows: unclear syntactic structure, mixed use of words with similar semantics, influence of mother tongue, inconsistency between language and logic, and neglect of context and avoidance. Finally, according to the previous research results, the types of errors, the causes and the description of "except" in the syllabus and teaching materials, five teaching strategies are put forward: compared with the learners' mother tongue, they are compared with "except" and "only" to strengthen the input of the corpus. Combination of teaching and practice and teaching in stages with emphasis.
【学位授予单位】：南昌大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】