20世纪以来现代汉语最常用千字读音演变初探

发布时间：2018-06-02 09:38

本文选题：词典 + 常用字　；参考：《鲁东大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的发展和时代的进步，加上词典收录原则的不同，，20世纪以来汉字的读音随之发生了变化。而词典正是汉字读音发生变化的重要呈现资料，因此本文从汉字词典读音的角度进行统计分析，研究最常用千字读音的变化。我们选取了20世纪以来对汉字注音有重要影响的四部词典，分别是《国音常用字汇》、《国语辞典》、《新华字典》、《现代汉语词典》。根据1988年《现代汉语常用字频度统计》从中选取了最常用字1000个，然后对这1000个最常用字在四部词典中的读音作统计分析，整理出发生变化的常用字。从读音数量和声韵调系统方面对发生变化的常用字进行比较，总结出发生变化常用字的规律，试图分析发生变化的原因。由此进一步规范汉字读音，给词典中汉字读音的收录原则提供一定的参考价值。本文主要分为绪论、正文、结论三个大部分。绪论主要介绍了本文的研究对象、意义、本文研究所采取的研究方法、目前学术界对汉字读音和词典中汉字读音的研究现状以及本次研究所建立的语料库的处理说明。正文部分共分为三章，为本文的研究重点。前两章主要是从读音数量、规模、多音字的读音数量、声韵调系统对读音发生变化的常用字进行比较分析。第二章是从《国音常用字汇》、《国语辞典》、《新华字典》1957版、《现代汉语词典》2005版中抽取的1000常用字的读音做整体的历时统计分析；第三章是主要选取解放后对汉语读音有重要影响的词典，根据1985《普通话异读词审音表》而选取有代表的《新华字典》版本和《现代汉语词典》版本。从《新华字典》1979版和《新华字典》2004版中1000常用字读音做整体的历时统计分析，《现代汉语词典》1978版和《现代汉语词典》2005版中常用字读音做整体统计分析；第四章则是根据上述两章统计的发生读音变化的常用字，通过对比分析揭示造成差异的原因，主要从历时、空间和人为因素对读音发生变化的常用字分析归类。结论部分主要是对前几章所作的整理研究分析进行了归纳总结，可以看出20世纪以来汉字读音的差异在常用字中所占的比例，以及发生变化的常用字是否集中在多音字还是异读词中，同时也对多音字的读音数量作了历时的分析比较。在一定程度上为规范汉字读音提供了一些参考，同时为以后词典的注音也提供了具有研究意义的材料。
[Abstract]:With the development of the society and the progress of the times, the pronunciation of Chinese characters has changed since the 20th century. The dictionary is the important data for the phonetic changes of Chinese characters, so this paper makes a statistical analysis from the perspective of pronunciation of Chinese characters dictionaries, and studies the change of the pronunciation of the most commonly used thousand words. We have selected four dictionaries which have an important influence on the phonetic pronunciation of Chinese characters since the 20th century, namely, the Collection of Chinese characters, the Mandarin Dictionary, the Xinhua Dictionary, and the Modern Chinese Dictionary. According to the statistics of the frequency of frequently used characters in modern Chinese in 1988, 1000 most frequently used words were selected, and then the pronunciation of the 1000 most frequently used words in four dictionaries was statistically analyzed, and the frequently used words which changed were sorted out. From the aspects of pronunciation quantity and phonetic tone system, this paper makes a comparison of the frequently used words, sums up the law of changing common words, and tries to analyze the reasons for the changes. Therefore, it provides some reference value for the principle of Chinese pronunciation in dictionaries by standardizing the pronunciation of Chinese characters. This paper is divided into three major parts: introduction, text and conclusion. The introduction mainly introduces the research object and significance of this paper, the research methods adopted in this paper, the current research status of Chinese character pronunciation and Chinese character pronunciation in dictionaries in academic circles and the processing of the corpus established by this research. The text is divided into three chapters, which is the focus of this paper. In the first two chapters, the phonetic number, scale, pronunciation quantity of polyphonic characters and phonetic tone system are compared and analyzed. The second chapter is a diachronic statistical analysis of the pronunciation of 1000 frequently used words taken from the Chinese pronunciation, the Mandarin Dictionary, the Xinhua Dictionary 1957 and the 2005 edition of the Modern Chinese Dictionary. The third chapter mainly selects the dictionary which has important influence on Chinese pronunciation after liberation, and selects the representative version of Xinhua Dictionary and the version of Modern Chinese Dictionary according to the 1985 "Putonghua disyllabic word Review list". From the 1979 edition of Xinhua Dictionary and 2004 edition of Xinhua Dictionary, 1000 regular word pronunciation is analyzed, 1978 edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary and 2005 edition of Modern Chinese Dictionary are used to make overall statistical analysis. The fourth chapter is based on the statistics of the above two chapters of the phonetic changes of the common words, through comparative analysis to reveal the causes of differences, mainly from the diachronic, spatial and human factors of the phonetic changes of the common word analysis and classification. The conclusion part mainly summarizes the research and analysis of the previous chapters, and shows the proportion of Chinese pronunciation differences in the common characters since the 20th century. And whether the frequently used words are concentrated in polysyllabic words or different pronounciations, the phonetic quantity of polysyllabic characters is also analyzed and compared in a diachronic way. To a certain extent, it provides some references for standardizing the pronunciation of Chinese characters, and also provides research material for the pronunciation of dictionaries in the future.
【学位授予单位】：鲁东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H116

【参考文献】