《唐三藏西游释厄传》疑问句研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 20:29

本文选题：语法 + 近代汉语　；参考：《曲阜师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：《唐三藏西游释厄传》，原名《鼎镌全相唐三藏西游释厄传》，简称《西游释厄传》，是《西游记》简本之一。本书产生于明初，明代处于由上古、中古汉语向现代汉语过渡的近代汉语时期，其语言具有明显的承上启下的特点，而本书中含有丰富的语料，可以供我们从中探求到由近代汉语逐步向现代汉语过渡的一些规律。《唐三藏西游释厄传》中共有疑问句501个。疑问句的种类也十分丰富，从大的类别上包括询问句、测度问句、反诘问句三类，还出现了设问句这种特殊形式的疑问句。但是这几种类别在书中所占比例并不相同：询问句有372个，占全书疑问句的74.1%；测度问句有6个，仅占全书疑问句的1.2%；反诘问句有118个，占全书疑问句的23.6%；特殊疑问句式，有5个，占全书疑问句的1.1%。询问句又包括特指询问句、是非询问句、正反询问句和选择询问句；测度问句主要为是非测度问句；反诘问句包括特指反诘问句和是非反诘问句两类。在《唐三藏西游释厄传》中，询问句可以根据形式和结构的不同分为特指询问句、是非询问句、正反询问句和选择询问句四类。特指询问句可以根据疑问代词或疑问代词的复合形式的不同分为“何”系特指询问句、“甚”系特指询问句、“那”系特指询问句、“怎”系特指询问句、“谁”系特指询问句、“几”系特指询问句、“安、焉”特指询问句七种。是非询问句可以根据有无疑问副词分为有疑问副词的是非询问句和无疑问副词的是非询问句两类。正反询问句根据提问形式的不同将其分为“VP否？”和“VP未曾？”两种类型。选择询问句分为有关联标记的选择询问句和无关联标记的选择询问句。测度问句主要为“莫”系测度问句，包括4类，分别为：“莫非”测度问句、“莫不是”测度问句、“敢莫”测度问句、“莫若”测度问句。反诘问句包括特指反诘问句和是非反诘问句。特指反诘问句可以根据疑问代词或疑问代词的复合形式的不同分为“何”系特指反诘问句、“甚么”系特指反诘问句、“那”系特指反诘问句、“怎么”系特指反诘问句、“谁”特指反诘问句、“多少”特指反诘问句、“焉”特指反诘问句七种，共96例。是非反诘问句可以按照有无反诘副词分成有反诘副词的是非反诘问句和无反诘副词的是非反诘问句两大类。《唐三藏西游释厄传》中疑问句的句式有些已经得到了发展，如“VP未曾”；还有一些常用句式一直沿用至现代汉语时期，如“是还是”、“V不V”、“如何”等。从上古汉语、中古汉语到近代汉语，再到现代汉语，《唐三藏西游释厄传》中的疑问句的发展趋势是符合人类语言经济性的使用原则的。
[Abstract]:Tang San Zang Xiyou Shi er Zhuan, formerly known as the Tripod engrave, Tang San Zang Xiyou Shi he Zhuan, for short, is one of the simplified versions of the Journey to the West. This book was produced in the early Ming Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty was in the period of transition from ancient, middle Chinese to modern Chinese, its language has a clear link between the preceding and the following, and this book contains abundant language materials. From which we can explore some rules of transition from modern Chinese to modern Chinese. There are 501 interrogative sentences in the Communist Party of China. The types of interrogative sentences are also very rich, including interrogative sentences, measurement questions, rhetorical questions, and the special form of interrogative sentences. However, the proportion of these categories in the book is not the same: there are 372 interrogative sentences, which account for 74.1% of the total interrogative sentences; 6 measure questions, which account for only 1.2% of the total interrogative sentences; 118 rhetorical questions, accounting for 23.6% of the total interrogative sentences; and 6 special interrogative sentences. There are five, which account for 1.1 quizzes in the book. Interrogative sentences include specific interrogative sentences, non-interrogative sentences, positive and negative interrogative sentences and selective interrogative sentences; measure questions are mainly non-measure questions; rhetorical questions include specific rhetorical questions and non-rhetorical questions. According to the different forms and structures, interrogative sentences can be divided into four categories: non-interrogative sentences, positive and negative interrogative sentences and selective interrogative sentences. A particular interrogative sentence can be divided into "what" means an interrogative sentence according to the complex form of a interrogative pronoun or interrogative pronoun, "very" specifically means an interrogative sentence, "that" specifically means an interrogative sentence, and "how" is a interrogative sentence. "who" means interrogative sentence, "Ji" refers to interrogative sentence, "Ann, Yan" specifically refers to seven interrogative sentences. Non-interrogative sentences can be divided into two categories according to the interrogative adverbs: non-interrogative sentences with interrogative adverbs and non-interrogative sentences with no interrogative adverbs. The positive and negative interrogations are divided into "VP or not?" according to the different types of questions asked. And "VP never?" Two types. The selective interrogative sentence is divided into two types: the selective interrogative sentence with associated marker and the selective interrogative sentence with no associated marker. The measure question mainly consists of "Mo" is a measure question, including four types, namely "Mo Fei" measure question, "Mo is not" measure question, "dares Mo" measure question, and "Mo Ruo" measure question. Rhetorical questions include specific rhetorical questions and non-rhetorical questions. A specific rhetorical question may be divided into "what" is a specific rhetorical question, "what" is a rhetorical question, "that" is a rhetorical question and "how" is a rhetorical question according to the different forms of interrogative pronoun or interrogative pronoun, "who" specifically refers to rhetorical questions, "how many" specifically refer to rhetorical questions, and "Yan" specifically refers to seven kinds of rhetorical questions, with 96 examples. The non-rhetorical question can be divided into two categories according to the non-rhetorical question with or without the rhetorical adverb and the non-rhetorical question with the non-rhetorical adverb. Some of the interrogative sentences have been developed, such as "VP has not", and some commonly used sentences have been used until the modern Chinese period, such as "yes or no", "V not V", "how" and so on. From the upper ancient Chinese to the modern Chinese and then to the modern Chinese, the development trend of the interrogative sentences in Tang San Zang Xiyou Shi he Zhuan conforms to the principle of human language economy.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】