英汉认识情态表达的比较研究

发布时间：2018-06-02 22:24

本文选题：情态表达 + 认识情态　；参考：《哈尔滨工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来，语言学者越来越认识到，语言不仅是人们对世界认识的基本工具，也是人类传递信息和态度的基本形式。情态是语言作为交际的一种工具，也是人类认知的一种反应，情态是说话人对句子表示的命题的真值或事件的现实性状态所表达的主观态度。认识情态是对可能世界中某个命题是否发生的评估，即评估者对命题真值的理解。作为唯一一种具有语言的生物人来说，语言表达由自身决定，因此，我们说的每一句话里都包涵着对句子内容的态度和对听话人的态度。情态研究对于榀度对说话人和听话人的态度有重大意义。本文的研究对象为汉语和英语的认识情态表达，这里的认识情态是指成系统的、封闭的、语法化程度比较高的情态表达，而非那些零散的不成体系的与语气相关的所有情态表达。本论文将英汉情态进行对比分析，为了更好地挑选具有典型性的语料，将以Brown+BNC (written)语料库与现代汉语语料库为支撑，在前人的理论基础上，从分类学的基本类型，将认识情态大体分为情态动词，情态副词，情态形容词和一些特殊的能表达情态的句型，以及仅存在于汉语中的语气助词。此外本文还将从认知角度研究中英认识情态相同点：第一，主观性以实证性为基础，，即主观判断来自于客观来源，第二，施为性以说话者为向导，施为性实质是说话者在表达对事件的态度，即在实施言语行为。第三，认知情态梯度的相似性。第四，可能世界与认知情态的关系，将从哲学思想出发探讨，并找出中英文认识情态的相同特征。而本文的另一重要组成部分则为语言个性的研究，首先以中文中独特的语气词开始，强调中文认识情态表达独有的词类系统，接着从句法学角度找出了英汉认识情态表达句法功能的不同点，即英语认识情态助动词句法更加固定而汉语认识情态助动词句中的位置更为灵活。最后从语义学角度出发，得出以下三点：一、汉语认识情态词的语义场大于英语认识情态词的语义场；二、汉语认识情态词中说话者参与程度高于英语的认识情态词；三、英语汉语情态词通过重复或添加来表达礼貌，而英语情态词通过过去是来表达礼貌。本文力求结合句法、语义、认知语言学、语用等相关知识，充分利用己有相关材料和成果加以对比和梳理，得出自己的结论，从而揭示英汉认识情态表达系统的某些特点，为今后的进一步研究奠定基础。
[Abstract]:In recent years, linguists have come to realize that language is not only a basic tool for people to understand the world, but also a basic form of information and attitude. Modality is not only a tool of communication, but also a reflection of human cognition. Modality is the subjective attitude expressed by the speaker to the true value of the proposition expressed by the sentence or the reality of the event. Cognitive modality is an assessment of whether a proposition occurs in the possible world, that is, the evaluator's understanding of the true value of a proposition. As the only biological person with language, language expression is determined by itself. Therefore, every sentence we say contains the attitude towards the content of the sentence and the attitude towards the hearer. Modal study is of great significance to the attitude of speaker and hearer. The research object of this paper is the expression of cognitive modality in Chinese and English. The cognitive modality refers to the modal expression that is systematic, closed and grammaticalized. Instead of all the fragmented, fragmented modal expressions associated with the tone. In this thesis, we make a contrastive analysis of the modality between English and Chinese. In order to select the typical corpus better, we will support the corpus of Brown BNC / writtenwriting and the corpus of modern Chinese, on the basis of previous theories, from the basic types of taxonomy. The cognitive modality is generally divided into modal verbs, modal adverbs, modal adjectives and some special sentence patterns that can express modality, as well as modal auxiliary words that only exist in Chinese. In addition, this paper will study the similarities between Chinese and English cognitive modes from a cognitive perspective: first, subjectivity is based on positivism, that is, subjective judgment comes from objective sources, and second, behaving is guided by the speaker. The essence of behavior is that the speaker expresses his attitude to the event, that is, the speech act. Thirdly, the similarity of cognitive modal gradient. Fourthly, the relationship between the possible world and the cognitive modality will be discussed from the philosophical point of view, and the same features of the cognitive modality in both Chinese and English will be found out. The other important part of this thesis is the study of language personality. First of all, it begins with the unique mood words in Chinese, emphasizing the unique part of speech system of Chinese cognitive modality expression. Then from the perspective of sentence jurisprudence, we find out the differences of syntactic functions between English and Chinese cognitive modality, that is, the syntax of English cognitive modal is more fixed and the position of Chinese cognitive modal is more flexible. Finally, from the perspective of semantics, the following three points are drawn: first, the semantic field of Chinese cognitive modality words is larger than that of English cognitive modality words; second, the speaker's participation in Chinese cognitive modality words is higher than that of English cognitive modality words; third, the semantic field of Chinese cognitive modality words is higher than that of English cognitive modality words. English Chinese modal words express politeness by repetition or addition, while English modal words express politeness through the past. This paper tries to combine syntactic, semantic, cognitive linguistics, pragmatics and other relevant knowledge, make full use of relevant materials and achievements to compare and comb, and draw its own conclusions, thus revealing some characteristics of the expression system of cognitive modality in English and Chinese. It will lay a foundation for further research in the future.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H314;H146

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