桂北永福、桂南横县平话擦音的声学研究

发布时间：2018-06-05 11:48

本文选题：广西平话 + 清擦音　；参考：《广西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：擦音是辅音的一种发音方法,发音时,发音器官彼此靠拢,形成狭窄的通道,气流通过时造成湍流而发生摩擦,发出噪音。(2006,鲍怀翘)依据气流的强弱,擦音可分为咝音和呼音,通过声道收缩点发出的噪音,气流较弱,听上去比较柔和,称为呼音,若通过收缩点之后又冲击到某个阻挡物形成的噪音,气流较强,称为咝音,典型的擦音是咝音,而且是清咝音。擦音的声学特征可以通过声谱图和能量集中区来体现,擦音在声谱图上表现为杂乱的竖线乱纹,且在时间轴上分布较宽,一般都有几十毫秒；辅音的发音部位不同,其能量的强频区也不同,因此,依据语图强频区的位置和强弱聚散,可以分辨擦音的发音部位。擦音是一种摩擦噪音,其能量很强,频谱峰值和频谱重心都表示擦音能量的集中区,峰值表示擦音音高的最值,也即振幅的最值,频谱重心表示擦音携带能量最大时的频率值；强度则是从能量的角度来计算声音的大小,所以通过测量擦音的频谱峰值、频谱重心和强度,我们可以分辨不同的擦音以及同一擦音在不同环境下的特征。本文拟选桂北永福、桂南横县两个代表点的方言为研究对象,尝试从实验语音学的角度,采用声学实验、praat提取数据、计算机统计分析、制图等手段,以单字和双音节的擦音字组为实验材料。通过擦音段时长、频谱重心、频谱峰值和平均强度的分析,探讨各个擦音声母在单字和双音节字组中的特性,绘制擦音格局图,并进行单字与双音节字组的内部对比,桂北永福与桂南横县的对比,考察桂北、桂南擦音的特点,分析影响擦音特性的因素。全文主要分为五部分：第一部分是概述。简述本文的写作缘由,同时对以往的研究做系统的描述,包括对平话的研究,国内外对擦音的研究,并确定本文的研究方法、研究目的和研究思路。第二部分是广西平话擦音音系层面的考察与分析。本部分对以往关于广西平话的研究进行梳理,将桂北点和桂南点的擦音进行统计,从音系层面探讨平话擦音与中古擦音的关系。桂南、桂北擦音有其内在的一致性,唇齿擦音／f/都主要来自古非母、晓母字；龈擦音/s/来自古精组字；声门擦音/h/都主要来自溪母和匣母字；桂北的龈-硬腭擦音／(?)/主要来自古书母、心母字,而桂南的龈边擦音／(?)/主要来自古心母,书母,生母,禅母,船母,邪母,崇母,匣母。在拼合能力上,桂北永福,唇齿擦音/f/和声门擦音/h/既能与洪音相拼又能与细音相拼,龈擦音／s/只能与洪音相拼,龈-硬腭擦音／(?)/只能与细音相拼；在桂南横县,唇齿擦音/f/、龈擦音／s/、声门擦音／h／和清边擦音／(?)/既能与洪音相拼又能与细音相拼。第三部分是桂北永福平话擦音的声学实验。本部分介绍了桂北永福平话擦音的实验说明、单字实验结果分析、双字实验结果分析。实验说明包括实验内容、参数提取、实验字表、发音人以及实验方法；单字实验主要考察桂北永福平话擦音的声学特点；双字实验主要考察影响桂北永福平话擦音特性的因素。第四部分是桂南横县平话擦音的声学实验。本部分介绍了桂南横县平话擦音的实验说明、单字实验结果分析、双字实验结果分析。第五部分是桂北永福与桂南横县平话擦音的比较与讨论。本部分主要是对桂北永福和桂南横县平话擦音的特点进行比较,梳理二者的异同,同时归纳影响擦音特性的因素。第三、四、五部分系文章的重点,桂北永福的擦音分为三类,一是谱重心高、平均强度小的擦音,为声门擦音／h／,二是谱重心高、平均强度大的擦音,为龈-硬腭擦音／(?)/,三是谱重心低,平均强度也低的擦音,包括唇齿擦音/f/和龈擦音／s／,由此可知：擦音的谱重心高,在时域上长度也较长,发音部位较为靠后,反之亦然。桂南横县的擦音(边擦音)分为三类,：一是谱重心高、平均强度大的擦音,为声门擦音／h／,二是谱重心低、平均强度大的擦音,包括龈擦音／s／和清边擦音／(?)/,三是谱重心低、平均强度也小的擦音,为唇齿擦音／f/.从擦音格局图上看,龈擦音/s/和边擦音／(?)/在空间图中的位置接近,都是频谱重心低、平均强度大的一类,二者有一定的相同之处。频谱重心、噪音峰点和平均强度决定擦音特征；擦辅音后接元音的不同、鼻韵尾的有无、双字组合中前字有无鼻化韵(鼻韵)尾、前字以不同元音结尾等都影响擦音特性,另外语流也会影响擦音的特性。擦音段时长、频谱重心、噪音峰点和平均强度之间存在一定的互补性。
[Abstract]:Sound is a method of pronunciation of consonants, pronunciation, the pronunciation organs close together, forming a narrow channel, air flow through the turbulence caused by friction, noise. (2006, Bao Huaiqiao) according to the strength of the air, the rubbing can be divided into a hissing sound and a call, through the sound of the noise, the airflow is weaker, it sounds softer, so softer, called softer, known as If the noise is formed by a barrier after the contraction point, the air flow is strong, and it is called a hissing sound. The typical fricative is hissing sound, and it is a hissing sound. The acoustic characteristics of the fricative can be reflected by the sonogram and the energy concentration area. The fricative is a messy vertical line on the sonogram, and it is widely distributed on the time axis. Generally there are dozens of milliseconds; the sound part of the consonant is different and the strong frequency area of its energy is different. Therefore, according to the position of the strong frequency area and the strength and dispersion, the position of the articulation can be distinguished. The frictional noise is a kind of friction noise, its energy is very strong, the peak value of the spectrum and the frequency spectrum are all the concentrated area of the rubbing energy, the peak is the fricative sound. The highest value of the high, that is, the maximum of the amplitude, the center of gravity indicates that the fricative carries the frequency of the maximum energy; the intensity is the calculation of the size of the sound from the angle of the energy, so by measuring the spectrum peak, the center of gravity and the intensity of the fricative, we can distinguish the different fricative and the characteristics of the same rub under different circumstances.
This paper is to choose the dialect of two representative points of Hengxian in Yongfu and southern Guangxi as the research object. From the angle of experimental phonetics, we try to use acoustic experiment, Praat to extract data, computer statistical analysis, drawing and other means, and use the single word and double syllable fricative word group as experimental materials. The characteristics of each consonant in the single word and the double syllable word group are discussed, the pattern of the fricative pattern is drawn, and the internal contrast between the single word and the double syllable group is compared. The comparison between Yongfu and Hengxian in the south of Guangxi is made to examine the characteristics of the fricative in the north of Guangxi and the south of Guangxi, and to analyze the factors affecting the specificity of the fricative. The full text is divided into five parts:
The first part is an overview of the reasons for the writing of this article, and a systematic description of the previous research, including the research on the flat dialect, the research on the fricative at home and abroad, and the determination of the research methods, the purpose and the research ideas of this article.
The second part is the investigation and analysis of the level of the Guangxi dialect phonetic system. This part combs the previous research on Guangxi dialect, and makes statistics on the fricative of the northern Guangxi and South Guangxi points, and discusses the relationship between the smooth dialect and the middle ancient fricative from the phonological level. From ancient times to mother, dawn mother word; gingival fricative /s/ comes from the ancient essence group; glottal fricative /h/ is mainly from brook mother and casket mother word; gums hard palate / (?) / mainly from ancient book mother, heart mother word, and gingival edge Wipe / (?) / mainly from ancient heart, mother, mother, mother, mother, mother, mother, mother, box mother. North Yongfu, the /f/ and the glottal fricative /h/ can be spelled with the sound of the flood and the fine sound, the gingival friction / s/ can only be spelled with the flood sound, the gums hard palate (?) / (?) / can only be spelled with the fine tone; in Hengxian of South Guangxi, the lips and teeth are fricative, the gingival fricative / s/, the glottal fricative / h / and the clear edge fricative / (?) / both can be combined with the flood sound and can both spell together with the flood sound and spelt with the fine tone.
The third part is the acoustic experiment of the fricative in the Yongfu Ping Dialect in northern Guangxi. This part introduces the experimental description of the fricative in the Yongfu Ping Dialect in North Guangxi, the analysis of the results of the single word experiment and the analysis of the results of the double character experiment. The experimental description includes the experiment content, the parameter extraction, the experiment word table, the pronunciation man and the experimental method, and the single word experiment mainly inspects the fricative of the Yongfu Ping Dialect in North Guangxi. The double character experiment mainly investigates the factors that affect the fricative characteristics of Yongfu Ping Dialect in northern Guangxi.
The fourth part is the acoustic experiment of the Hengxian Ping Dialect in southern Guangxi. This part introduces the experimental explanation of the Hengxian Ping Dialect in southern Guangxi, the result analysis of the single word experiment, and the analysis of the results of the double character experiment.
The fifth part is the comparison and discussion of the fricative between Yongfu and Hengxian Ping Dialect in the north of Guangxi. This part is mainly a comparison of the characteristics of the fricative in Yongfu and Hengxian Ping Dialect in the north of Guangxi, combing the similarities and differences of the two, and inducing the factors affecting the characteristics of the fricative.
Third, fourth, the five part of the main points of the article, Yongfu in northern Guangxi is divided into three categories, one is the high center of gravity, the average intensity of the fricative, the glottal fricative / h /, two is the high center of gravity, the average intensity of the high, the gingival hard palate / (?) /, three is the low center of gravity, and the average intensity is low, including the lips and teeth fricative and gingival fricative / S /, It can be seen that the spectral center of gravity of the fricative is high, the length of the time in the time is long, the position of pronunciation is relatively back, and vice versa. The fricative (edge fricative) of Hengxian in the south of Guangxi is divided into three categories: one is the high barycenter of the spectrum, the average intensity of the fricative, the glottal fricative / h /, the two is the low center of gravity of the spectrum and the average intensity of the fricative, including the gingival fricative / S / and clear edge fricative. / (?) /, three is the low center of gravity, and the average intensity is small. For the lip rub / f/. from the fricative pattern, gingival fricative /s/ and edge fricative / (?) / in the space map are close, all are the low center of gravity of the spectrum, the average intensity is large, the two have some similarities. The spectrum center of gravity, noise peak point and average intensity determine the fricative characteristics. When the consonants are wiped, the vowels are different, the nasal rhyme is or not, the front words in the double word combination have no nasal rhyme (nose rhyme) tail, and the front words are affected by the end of different vowels, and the other foreign language flow also affects the characteristics of the erasle. The length of the erasable segment, the center of the spectrum, the peak of the noise and the average intensity have some complementarity.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H17

【参考文献】