《二程语录》动词配价研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 08:00

本文选题：《二程语录》 + 动词配价　；参考：《湖北大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：配价语法的“价”是受化学中的“价”的启发而得来的,首先由泰尼埃尔创立。配价语法的核心就在于动词对于名词性成分的支配能力。配价语法认为动词支配一个句子中的各种各成分,其中的名词性成分由动词直接支配。通过对其中从属成分的语义分析,可以总结出动词所能支配的语义成分和支配能力的强弱。二十世纪七十年代,我国语言研究者,引入了这一理论,利用这一理论解决了一些语言问题,使得配价理论在中国十分流行。近些年来,学者们利用配价语法研究古代汉语中的语言现象,也取得了一些成果。利用配价语法研究《二程语录》中的动词,分析它们的语义特征,可以扩大近代汉语研究的领域,同时也能为《二程语录》的动词做更深层次的研究。对《二程语录》中的动词进行考察,应该把握动词的词汇意义,语法意义,同时根据它们在句子中所体现的不同义项以及频率高低。由此提取出543个动词。并按照动作行为动词,性质状态动词,关系动词,心理活动动词,致使动词的分类标准对动词进行分类。然后具体分析每个动词所支配的成分的语义特征,归纳它们的数目。全面的了解动词的支配能力,分析从属成分的语义角色。将从属成分的语义角色概括为25种类型,这样基本能比较系统的描写出动词的配价情况。动词的价应该综合语法和语义两个平面,当然价也是一个层级由元、位、联、构成。在这里价可以理解为元,元由一个原子句中的必须成分构成。但动词的从属成分又不仅仅是“元”,还有其他成分,于是根据语料中动词的扩展句式,又有位和联。将《二程语录》中的动词按元的数目不同分为一元动词,二元动词,三元动词。由此去分析元,位,联,描写配价层级。通过分析可以看到,各价动词中,二元动词最多。各类别的动词中,动作行为动词数量最多。致使动词最少,只有5个。在配价能力方而,二元行为动词配价能力最强。关系动词、心理动词配价能力较弱。动词的性质和语义特征决定了动词的配价能力。通过与现代汉语动词配价的比较,可以看到,在价类上现代汉语动词也只有一元、二元、三元。主要差异在于动词所能支配的可有名词性成分,即在“位”和“联”方面,现代汉语动词所能支配的范围更广。
[Abstract]:The valence grammar was inspired by the valence in chemistry and was first founded by Daniel. The core of valence grammar lies in the dominance of verbs to nominal elements. Valence grammar holds that verbs dominate all kinds of components in a sentence, in which nominal elements are directly controlled by verbs. Through the semantic analysis of subordinate components, we can conclude the semantic components and the strength of dominating ability of verbs. In the 1970s, Chinese language researchers introduced this theory and used it to solve some language problems, which made the valence theory very popular in China. In recent years, scholars have used valence grammar to study language phenomena in ancient Chinese, and some achievements have been made. It is possible to expand the field of modern Chinese research by using valence grammar to study the verbs in "Two-way Quotations" and to analyze their semantic characteristics. At the same time, it can also do a deeper study of the verbs in the second Quotations. To investigate the verbs in the second Quotations, we should grasp the lexical and grammatical meanings of the verbs. At the same time, according to their different meanings and frequency in the sentence. From this, 543 verbs were extracted. According to the classification standard of action verb, nature state verb, relational verb and psychological active verb, the verb is classified according to the standard of action verb, nature state verb, relation verb and psychological active verb. Then we analyze the semantic characteristics of each verb and sum up the number of them. Understand the dominance of verbs and analyze the semantic roles of subordinate elements. The semantic roles of subordinate elements are classified into 25 types, so that the valency of verbs can be described systematically. The valence of the verb should integrate the grammatical and semantic planes, of course, the valence is also a hierarchy of elements, bits, and links. Here the price can be understood as a element, which consists of a necessary component in an atomic sentence. But the subordinate component of the verb is not only "Yuan", but also other elements, so according to the extended sentence structure of the verb in the corpus, there is position and association. According to the number of elements, the verbs in the second Quotations are divided into single verb, binary verb and ternary verb. From the analysis, we can see that among the valence verbs, the binary verbs are the most. Among all kinds of other verbs, the number of action verbs is the largest. The verb is the least, with only five. On the side of valency capacity, dual action verbs have the strongest valency capacity. Relative verbs and psychological verbs are weak in valency. The nature and semantic characteristics of verbs determine the valency ability of verbs. By comparing with the valence of modern Chinese verbs, we can see that there is only one element, two elements and three elements in the valence category of modern Chinese verbs. The main difference is that the verbs can control the nominal elements, that is, in the aspect of "position" and "association", the modern Chinese verbs can dominate a wider range.
【学位授予单位】：湖北大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146.2

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