现代汉语人体类基本层次范畴词汇研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 19:16

本文选题：基层词 + 人体词　；参考：《中央民族大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：基本层次范畴是人们认识事物、理解世界的最直接、最基本的层面,是进行范畴化最有力的工具。它让认知主体付出最小的认知努力而收获最大量的信息。此前国内对基本层次范畴领域的研究并不多见,从基本层次范畴领域研究词汇是一个较新且可行的途径。基于人体词使用频率高、范围广且代表人类认知系统最原始的概念,本文选择人体词作为研究范围。以苏新春的《现代汉语语义分类库》中的人体部分1491词作为语料来源,设立适用于人体部分的同名选取标准、基层词提取标准。目前国内外对基层词提取标准都是横向的罗列,标准间处于平行关系,标准过多且没有区分主次。笔者认为提取基层词时,应先设立个最优先的标准,然后在此标准下根据研究类别的个性特征添加子标准。基本层级的形成是人和客观事物直接互动的结果,必须依赖于人最基本的感知能力,完形正是这种感知能力。人体词跟动植物类词比较,两者属于不同的关系,动植物类词属于种属关系,而大部分人体词属于整体与部分的关系。人体是一个庞大的系统,内部为一层套一层的整体与部分的关系。人们对该词语所指称事物本身的认知程度,称之为内在显著度。人们对一个词的认知显著度的高低同时也表现在对该词的运用中,即义项、隐喻能力,称之为外在显著度。因而,本研究.。将人体类基层词提取标准设为两条,即：第一：在同一层次词汇中具有完形；第二：词语的显著性,量化为词的义项、隐喻能力。通过提取标准进行筛选选出基层词39个：头、眼睛、耳朵、脑、嘴巴、舌头、牙齿、脸、鼻子、眉毛、胡子、头发、嘴唇、喉咙、额；手、背、脚、手指、腿、腰、拳、脖子、臂、臀、胸、肩、手心、腕、腹、肘；心、肠、胃、肺、胆、肝；血、骨头。设立提取标准,实施提取过程后进入汉语本体分析,分别通过词长、构词、隐喻三个方面对该39个人体类基层词进行系统分析。词长上,从整体比例上看,基层词仍然以单音节词为主。构词上,分别从“人体语素+人体语素”、“人体语素+非人体语素”、“人体语素+动植物词”进行分析。隐喻上,人体类基层词都具有隐喻,人体隐喻具有词汇化、系统性、不平衡性特点。
[Abstract]:The basic level category is the most direct and basic level of understanding things, the most basic level of understanding the world. It is the most powerful tool for categorizing. It makes the cognitive subject pay the smallest cognitive effort to gain the maximum amount of information. A new and feasible way. Based on the high frequency, wide range and the most primitive concept of human cognitive system, the human body words are selected as the research scope. In this paper, the 1491 words of the human body in the modern Chinese Semantic Classification Library of Suxin spring are used as the source of the corpus, set up the standard for the selection of the same name for the human body. Level word extraction standard.
At present, the standard of basic words extraction at home and abroad is horizontal, the standard is in parallel relation, too many standards and no distinction between primary and secondary. The author thinks that when the basic words are extracted, we should set up first.
One of the most important criteria, and then under this standard, adds the sub standard according to the personality characteristics of the research category. The formation of the basic hierarchy is the result of direct interaction between human and objective things. It must depend on the most basic perception of human beings. The word word belongs to the relationship of species, and most of the human body words belong to the relationship of the whole and the part. The human body is a large system, and the interior is the relationship between the whole and the part of a layer. In the use of the word, namely, meaning and metaphorical ability, it is called the external prominence. Therefore, this study has set up two criteria for the extraction of human body basic words: first, there are Gestalt in the same level; second: the significance of words, the meaning of the words, the metaphorical ability. 39 words: head, eye, ear, brain, mouth, tongue, tooth, face, nose, eyebrow, beard, hair, lips, throat, forehead; hand, back, foot, finger, leg, waist, fist, neck, arm, buttock, chest, shoulder, hand, wrist, abdomen, elbow; heart, stomach, stomach, stomach, gall, liver; liver; liver; liver; liver; liver; liver; liver; liver; liver; liver; liver; liver; blood, bone.
Set up the extraction standard, after the implementation of the extraction process into the Chinese ontology analysis, respectively through the word length, word formation, metaphor three aspects of the 39 human basic words of the human body, the word length, from the overall proportion, the basic words are still mainly monosyllabic words. In word formation, the word "human morpheme + human morpheme", "human morpheme + non human" in word formation. "Body morpheme", "human morpheme + animal and plant words" is analyzed. Metaphorically, the basic words of human body have metaphors, and human metaphors have the characteristics of lexicalization, systematization and imbalances.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136

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