湖南道县官话语音研究

发布时间：2018-06-09 00:00

本文选题：道县官话 + 西南官话　；参考：《湖南科技大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：道县位于湖南省南部，隶属永州市，县境的北、东、南面分别与永州市的双牌、宁远、江永、江华县交界，西面接广西省的灌阳、全州两县市。道县古称道州，历史悠久。道县汉语方言情况较复杂，属于“双方言”地区，县境的东南部，包括道县县城、蚣坝乡、四马桥、白马渡等地区是说道县官话，在《中国语言地图集》中道县官话被划为西南官话湘南片，道县官话是全县通用的交际语；此外，县境的西部、北部、西北、西南部的大部分乡镇是说土话，这些地区一般对内使用“土话”（属于通常所称的“湘南土话”），对外使用官话。“道县官话”以道县县城道江镇话为代表。以往有关道县方言研究成果中，学者们更多的将注意力放在道县土话研究上，道县官话研究相对薄弱，尤其缺少专题研究。而现在有关道县官话的记录大都年代久远，且记录也不够完备，我们有必要对道县官话语音系统重新进行一次全面的调查，并对前人的调查加以补充，对前人彼此分歧的地方着重加以探讨。通过实地调查和语音声调实验，道县官话的声韵调系统的情况是：声母17个（含零声母）；韵母35个；4个调类：阴平33、阳平41、上声45、去声14。在这个基础上整理出来的道县官话声韵调配合表、同音字表显示了道县官话语音系统的具体面貌。通过与中古汉语音系的比较，道县官话的语音系统主要有如下特点。声母特点：（1）古全浊声母字，今逢塞音、塞擦音，平声一般读送气清音，仄声一般读不送气清音；其余一般读清擦音。（2）没有f声母。非敷奉母一律读x，与晓匣洪音声母合流。（3）古泥来母字互混，多读为l声母。（4）知系今读[‘s]，见系今读[‘]。（5）不分尖团音。（6）零声母字主要来自古喻三喻四，疑微二母合口各等，以及影母三四等。（7）声母只出现在疑、影母开口一二等。（8）声母中的文白异读现象不多，只是在咸山摄开口二等部分字出现。韵母特点：（1）一二等韵基本上完全相混，但是宕摄开口一等精组与江摄开口二等知系这两个部分舒声字能分。（2）阳声韵中古-m尾消失，-尾也大部分消失，咸深山臻宕江摄合流读-n尾。（3）咸山舒声细音元音产生音变，不与宕摄舒声细音读混。（4）臻摄舒声一等合口端系字有读开口现象。（5）有鼻化韵，但鼻化韵显得不稳定。（6）入声韵尾完全消失，现主要读为阴声韵[a o　i u y ua ia io ie ye]。（7）道县官话中无韵母[uo]，普通话中[uo]韵母的字道县官话中均读成[o]。声调特点：（1）全浊上归去声，，去声不分阴阳。凡全浊上声读为去声，如：舅=救=旧i u14。（2）入声全归阳平，如：七=其‘i41；匣=霞ia41。通过将道县官话（属于湘南片）的调查结果与省外的西南官话成渝片(成都话)、武天片（武汉话)、省内常鹤片（常德话）以及归属同一片区的宁远官话（位于道县南部）、临武官话（位于道县北部）从声韵调三个方面做一比较，我们发现：一方面，道县官话既具有西南官话普遍性的语音特点，如：平翘舌音不分；n和l混为一个音位；入声韵尾-p,-t,-k消失，-m韵尾派入-n或-ng；全浊上声归去声，入声归阳平；无尖团对立等等。另一方面，道县官话自身又是具有一定独自特点的西南官话，它与西南官话其它方言点之间的差异主要表现在声调方面：阳平和上声都是高调位，阳平是高降调而不是低降调；上声是高升调而不是高降调，此种特殊现象的出现可能与方言相互接触影响、土话对当地官话的影响有一定的联系。这一语音特点在人们的日常生活交际中是能够直接从听感上辨别的。语音特征在语言的三个构成要素中是最易被人们直观感知的，声调差异在汉语这种靠音调的高低起区别意义的声调语言也是具有独特意义的，而道县官话的声调特点恰好也为我们彰显出道县官话在西南官话内部的独特风格的一个方面。此外，道县官话的鼻音韵尾鼻化现象不稳定，且跟调类有一定的联系。
[Abstract]:Daoxian County is located in the southern part of Hunan Province, belonging to Yongzhou City, the north, the East and the south of the county, and the Yongzhou city of Shuangpai, Ningyuan, Jiangyong, Jiang Hua County, Guangxi Province, Guanyang, two counties and cities of the state. The state of the Daoxian County in ancient times has a long history. The situation of the Chinese dialect in Daoxian County is very complex, which belongs to the "double dialect" area, the southeast of the county, including Daoxian County county. City, Pepee dam Township, four Ma Bridge, baimatu and other areas are said county official dialect. In the Chinese Language Atlas, the Mandarin Chinese dialect is designated as the southwestern official dialect of southern Hunan, and the Daoxian County Mandarin is the general communication language in the county. In addition, the western, northern, Northwest, and southwestern towns of the county are spoken in the local dialect, and these areas generally use the "dialect" (belong to the local dialect). In the commonly known "Southern Hunan dialect", the official language is used externally. "Daoxian County Mandarin" is represented by Dao Jiang Town dialect in Daoxian County County town.
In the previous research achievements of Daoxian County dialect, scholars have paid more attention to the study of Daoxian County dialect, and the study of Daoxian County Mandarin is relatively weak, especially the lack of special research. Now, the records of Daoxian County Mandarin are far away and the records are not complete enough. It is necessary for us to reconduct the Daoxian County Mandarin phonetic system once again. The investigation and supplement to the previous surveys were made to explore the differences between the predecessors.
Through field investigation and phonetic tone experiment, the sound and tone system of Daoxian County Mandarin is: 17 consonants (including zero consonants), 35 vowels, 4 vowels and 4 types: Yin Ping 33, Yang Ping 41, 45, and 14. on this basis on this basis, the Daoxian County Mandarin pronunciation and rhyme coordination table, the homophone table shows the specific surface of the Daoxian County Mandarin speech system Appearance.
By comparing with the phonological system of Middle Chinese, the phonetic system of Daoxian County Mandarin is mainly characterized by the following characteristics: (1) the ancient all turbid consonants, the present time of the consonant, the slug, the flat sound, the tone generally read, the tone generally read and the unaspirated voiceless; the rest generally read clear and fricative. (2) there is no f consonant. (3) the ancient mud to be mixed with the mother word, read more as l consonant. (4) know now reading ['s], see now read [']. (5) no apex consonant. (6) the zero consonant word mainly comes from the three metonymy of ancient metonymy, doubt two mother and so on, and the shadow mother three or four and so on. (7) the consonant only appears in doubt, the shadow mother Kaiguchi Ichiji and so on. Opening two and other parts of the characters. (1) the one or two and other rhymes are completely mixed, but the two parts of the two parts can be divided. (2) the middle of the middle age of the sun is disappeared, the tail is disappearing, and the salty deep mountain reaches the -n tail. (3) the syllable vowel of the salted mountain sound is sound, Do not mix with slender sound reading and sound reading. (4) "Zhen Guan" and "Shu Sheng" endings have a reading opening phenomenon. (5) there is a rhinological rhyme, but the nasal rhyme appears unstable. (6) the rhyme is completely disappeared, and the main reading is [a o I U y UA ia IO ie ye]. (7) no rhyme [uo] in the Daoxian County Mandarin Mandarin Chinese Mandarin Chinese Mandarin Chinese characters are read in Mandarin Tone characteristics: (1) all turbidity on the back to the voice, the voice does not divide Yin and Yang. All the turbid sound read as the voice, such as: Uncle = save = save = old I u14. (2) all return to Yang Ping, such as: seven = "I41; casket = Xia ia41.
By comparing the results of the Daoxian County official dialect (belonging to the southern Hunan film) with the southwest mandarin, Chengdu and Chongqing films (Chengdu dialect), Wu Tian film (Wuhan dialect), Changhe tablet (Chang Dehua) in the province and the Ningyuan Mandarin (located in the southern part of Daoxian County), the Linwu Mandarin (located in the northern part of the Daoxian County) makes a comparison between the three aspects of the sound and rhyme. On the one hand, Daoxian County official dialect not only has the phonetic characteristics of the universality of the Southwestern Mandarin, such as the flat tongue and tongue, N and l as a phoneme, -p, -t, -k, -n or -ng of -m rhyme, the sound of all turbid sound, the voice to Yang Ping, the non sharp opposition and so on. On the other hand, the Daoxian County official itself is also a Southwest official with a certain alone characteristic. The difference between it and the other dialectal points in the southwest mandarin is mainly manifested in the tone of tone: Yang Ping and Shang Sheng are high key positions, Yang Ping is a high drop and not a low downfall; the sound is a high rise and not a high downfall. The appearance of this special phenomenon may be influenced by the dialects, and the dialect has a certain relation to the local official dialect. This phonetic characteristic can be directly identified in people's daily communication. The phonetic features are most easily perceived by people in the three elements of the language. The tone difference in Chinese, which differs from the tone of the tone, is also unique, and the tone of the Daoxian County Mandarin is a special tone. The point just also highlights the unique style of the official dialect of the county in the southwest official dialect. In addition, the nasal sound of the nasal sound of the Daoxian County Mandarin is unstable and has a certain connection with the classification.
【学位授予单位】：湖南科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：H174

【参考文献】