自然种类词的逻辑

发布时间：2018-06-11 15:39

本文选题：自然种类词 + 不确定性　；参考：《学术研究》2011年12期

【摘要】：李晨阳教授认为自然种类词不是严格指示词,给自然种类命名具有不确定性,用以命名的样本可以代表不同层面的多个自然种类,由此自然种类词的指称是不确定的,相关个体是否为某自然种类实例应由主体后天决定,因而表达自然种类本质的后天必然命题是不存在的。但指称不可测知论题是有条件的,蒯因是用它来反驳绝对指称观,进而论证本体论的相对性;相对一个拥有既定翻译手册的语言共同体,语词都有确定的指称。作为一类特殊的语词,自然种类词相对于语言共同体也是指称确定的;确定其指称的意义是一类社会性建制,被分配至语言共同体内不同人群:命名者的意向、兴趣等语境因素形成了最初的核心范型意义,一般成员拥有的正是范型意义,相关专家则掌握着发挥解释范型作用的识别标准意义。基于上述讨论,就可以较合理地应对李晨阳教授向直接指称理论提出的挑战。
[Abstract]:Professor Li Chenyang believes that natural category words are not strict deixis, and there is uncertainty in naming natural species. The samples used to name natural species can represent many natural species at different levels, so the reference of natural category words is uncertain. Whether the relevant individual is an instance of a natural species should be decided by the subject after birth, so the postnatal inevitable proposition expressing the nature of the natural species does not exist. Quine uses it to refute the notion of absolute reference and then prove the relativity of ontology. In contrast to a language community with an established translation manual, words have definite references. As a special kind of words, the words of natural species are also identified in relation to the linguistic community, and the meaning of determining their reference is a kind of social system, which is assigned to different groups of people in the language community: the intention of the nomenclator. Interest and other contextual factors form the initial core paradigm meaning, the general members have the generic meaning, and the relevant experts have the recognition standard meaning to play the role of explanatory paradigm. Based on the above discussion, Professor Li Chenyang's challenge to direct reference theory can be reasonably met.
【作者单位】：江苏警官学院管理系;南京大学现代逻辑与逻辑应用研究所;
【基金】：教育部人文社科重点研究基地重大项目“对克里普克语言哲学的系统性质疑和对一种新理论的建构”(11JJD720001) 国家社科基金项目“不完全信息博弈论的归纳概率逻辑基础”(08BZX048)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：H0

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