“不V白不V”构式研究

发布时间：2018-06-11 19:37

本文选题：构式 + 产生机制　；参考：《上海师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代汉语中有一种特殊构式“不V白不V”，如“不要白不要”。本文在对该构式的特征进行考察的基础上，探讨该构式产生的机制和动因，并且进一步论证该构式存在的理据性。首先，本文运用结构主义语言学的描写方法，对这类构式进行了较为详细的考察，揭示了该构式的各个构件和构式整体的句法语义特征。从该构式的各个构件看，该构式中的两个“不V”貌似同形，但其本质是有很大的差异的。我们认为，该构式和一般主谓构式有着一定的联系。若将该构式中的两个“不V”分别标记为“不V1”和“不V2”，那么句法上“不V1”充当构式主语，“白不V2”充当构式谓语；进入该构式的V在时体、“重叠”、受修饰等方面都有很大的限制性，都是述人的、可控的表示行为动作的动词；语用上，“不V1”充当话题，“白不V2”则充当述题。该构式表示“不做某事是徒然的”，用来表达“说话人经过对可能发生的事件的利害关系加以权衡考虑后作出的一种选择——应该做某事，，因为能从其中获益”这一话语功能。其次，本文对“不V白不V”构式的产生机制和动因进行了探讨，认为该构式的产生机制是压缩与整合、话题化和谓词指称化，也可以说是由于一般主谓构式的强大类推作用而形成的。该构式产生的动因是语言的经济性原则和语言的象似性原则，“结构简化”是该构式产生的最终决定力量。无标记化有两个策略：结构简化和自然匹配。本文认为“结构简化”这一无标化策略对让步复句向“不V白不V”构式的演变起到了决定性的作用。最后，本文对“不V白不V”构式与让步复句、一般主谓构式及“V（了）也白V”构式进行比较分析，找出它们之间的区别与联系。本文认为“不V白不V”构式承继于让步复句，同时受到一般主谓构式的类推，在语义上和“V（了）也白V”相关联。由于该构式具有自己独特的构式义和语用功能，在现代汉语共时平面系统中具有无法被其他构式所替代的作用，应该属于一种独立的构式。
[Abstract]:In modern Chinese, there is a special construction, such as "don't be white". Based on the investigation of the characteristics of the construction, this paper probes into the mechanism and motivation of its formation, and further demonstrates the motivation of its existence. Firstly, this paper uses the descriptive method of structuralism linguistics. In this paper, the syntactic and semantic features of each component and the whole construction of the construction are investigated in detail. From each component of the construction, the two "not V" in the construction appear to be homomorphic, but their essence is very different. We believe that the construction and the general subject-predicate constructions have a certain relationship. If the two "Vs" in the construction are marked as "not V1" and "not V2", syntactically, "not V1" serves as the subject of the construction, "white V2" acts as the predicate of the construction, and the V entering the construction is in the tense, "overlapping". Modification and other aspects are very restrictive, are human, controllable action of the verb; pragmatically, "not V 1" as a topic, "White not V 2" as a topic. The expression "it is futile not to do something" is used to express "a choice made by the speaker after weighing the interests of what might happen-that something should be done," Because of the discourse function of "benefit from it". Secondly, this paper discusses the generation mechanism and motivation of the "not V white V" construction, and concludes that the generation mechanism of the construction is compression and integration, topic and predicate referential. It can also be said that it is formed by the powerful analogies of the general subject-predicate construction. The motivation of the construction is the economic principle of language and the iconicity principle of language, and "structural simplification" is the final determinant of the formation of the construction. There are two strategies for untagging: structural simplification and natural matching. This paper holds that the non-standard strategy of "structural simplification" has played a decisive role in the evolution of concessional complex sentences into "no V white V" construction. Finally, this paper discusses the construction and concessional complex sentences of "no V white Bu V". General subject-predicate constructions and "V (I) white V" constructions are compared and analyzed to find out the differences and relations between them. This paper holds that the construction of "Bu V white Bu V" inherits from the concessional complex sentence and is subjected to the analogy of the general subject-predicate construction, which is semantically related to "V (V) also white V". Because it has its own unique construction meaning and pragmatic function, it can not be replaced by other constructions in modern Chinese synchronic plane system, so it should belong to an independent construction.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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