原型范畴理论框架下的委婉语模因研究

发布时间：2018-06-11 18:11

本文选题：原型范畴理论 + 委婉语　；参考：《南昌航空大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：委婉语作为一种特殊的语言现象，在社会交际与交流中充当“润滑剂”的作用，调节并改善人与人、国与国之间的关系。委婉语的使用可以有效避免因一些不愉快的词汇而导致社会交际中出现的尴尬情景。通过对这些词汇的语义扩展和美化，可顺应交际双方的心理需求，从而达到一种良好的交际效果。正是基于这些特征，委婉语一直是国内外专家学者竞相研究的热门话题之一。语言与模因是密不可分的，谢朝群、何自然认为：“语言本身就是一种模因，模因也寓于语言之中”。研究语言模因，，不仅能揭示话语流传和语言传播的规律，还有助于促进语言的进化和发展。因此，本文尝试性地将委婉语视为一种语言模因，通过对委婉语模因的研究和分析，找出委婉语的发展及变化规律。经笔者研究发现，目前对委婉语语言模因的研究大多是从语义学、修辞学、文体学等角度进行分析和研究，而未能从认知的角度对其进行深入探讨。认知语言学作为一门新兴的学科，为委婉语的探讨和研究提供了新的视角及方法。本文选取认知语言学的重要理论之一——原型范畴理论作为文章的理论基础，尝试通过原型范畴理论对委婉语进行深层次地认知分析。旨在加深人们对委婉语的认识与了解，在一定度上为委婉语的研究提供新的视角与途径。基于原型范畴理论，文章首先从认知角度对委婉语模因进行重新分类。根据委婉语模因原型特征，笔者将委婉语模因分为传统类与新兴类，并且分别讨论了这两大类委婉语模因与其原型的关系。最后通过对一些典型的委婉语模因范畴进行深入分析，本文得出以下结论：第一，传统类委婉语模因的原型为其相对应的禁忌语，禁忌语隶属基本层次范畴即原型范畴，委婉语模因属于禁忌语的上位范畴；第二，新兴类委婉语模因的原型则是一些需要被美化和拔高的词汇，与传统类模因的原型对比，其凸显性较弱，因此，新兴类委婉语模因的范畴成员较易变化；第三，在这两类委婉语模因中，强势模因与范畴的原型距离较近，直接或间接具备部分相关原型的属性。因此，强势模因能历经时间的洗礼，最终被保留下来并得以传播，而其他弱势模因则渐渐淡化并退出历史舞台；第四，委婉语强势模因具有简约性和动态性这两个基本特征。
[Abstract]:As a special linguistic phenomenon, euphemism acts as a "lubricant" in social communication and communication to regulate and improve the relationship between people and countries. The use of euphemism can effectively avoid awkward situations in social communication caused by unpleasant words. By extending and beautifying the semantic meaning of these words, we can adapt to the psychological needs of both sides of communication and achieve a good communicative effect. On the basis of these characteristics, euphemism has always been one of the hot topics of domestic and foreign experts and scholars. Language and meme are inseparable. Xie Chaoqun, he naturally thinks: "language itself is a meme. Memes are also found in language. The study of language memes can not only reveal the rules of language spreading and language dissemination, but also promote the evolution and development of language. Therefore, this paper tries to regard euphemism as a language meme, and through the research and analysis of euphemism, find out the development and change law of euphemism. The author finds that most of the researches on the linguistic memes of euphemism are mainly from the perspectives of semantics, rhetoric and stylistics, but not from the perspective of cognition. As a new subject, cognitive linguistics provides a new perspective and method for the study of euphemism. This paper selects prototype category theory, one of the most important theories of cognitive linguistics, as the theoretical basis of this paper, and attempts to make a deep cognitive analysis of euphemism through prototype category theory. In order to deepen the understanding and understanding of euphemism and to provide a new perspective and approach to the study of euphemism to a certain extent, based on the prototype category theory, this paper first reclassifies the memes of euphemism from the perspective of cognition. According to the prototype characteristics of euphemism, the author divides euphemism into traditional and emerging categories, and discusses the relationship between these two categories of euphemism and its prototype. Finally, through the in-depth analysis of some typical categories of euphemism memes, this paper draws the following conclusions: first, the prototype of traditional euphemism memes is its corresponding taboo language, and the taboo words belong to the category of prototype at the basic level. Euphemism meme belongs to the upper category of taboo words. Secondly, the prototype of emerging euphemism memes is some words that need to be beautified and elevated. The category members of emerging euphemism memes are easy to change. Thirdly, in these two kinds of euphemism memes, the strong memes are close to the prototype of the category, and directly or indirectly possess the attributes of some related prototypes. Therefore, the strong meme can be preserved and propagated after time baptism, while the other weak memes gradually fade down and withdraw from the historical stage. Fourthly, the strong meme of euphemism has the two basic characteristics of simplicity and dynamic.
【学位授予单位】：南昌航空大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H030

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