现代汉语中由“说”构成的插入语研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 09:30

本文选题：插入语 + “说”　；参考：《南开大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：本文研究的对象是由“说”构成的插入语,首先我们对“说”类插入语作一个总体介绍,然后详细研究五个个案。全文共八章,各章内容如下。第一章,绪论。本章介绍文章研究的对象和选题由来、当前学界对“说”类插入语研究的现状(取得哪些成绩,还有哪些不足)、我们所要研究的问题以及语料来源。第二章,“说”类插入语概论。本章旨在对现代汉语“说”类插入语做一个比较全面、详细的考察。从形式上看,“说”类插入语大多数属于完整式,其组成成分不能随意替换。从位置上看。从位置上看,有的“说”类插入语位置相对固定的位置,有的插入语位置则比较灵活。从功能上看,“说”类插入语在句中的话语功能非常复杂。此外,我们还研究了“说”类插入语与“想”、“看”类插入语之间具有哪些关系。第三章,责怪义插入语“我说什么来着”研究。本章研究的“我说什么来着”是一个表达说话人情感的插入语,它的功能是说话人已经告诉听话人要怎样(或不要怎样),否则会出现相应的后果,但是听话人并没有按照说话人的意愿去做,结果出现了说话人预期的结果。由于听话人违反了说话人的意愿,所以说话人用该插入语来表达自己对听话人不满、责备这一主观情感。在形式上,插入语“我说什么来着”所处语段会出现“生气”、“抱怨”等词语来体现不满语气。在话语中要具备一定的语义背景才能够使用该插入语,我们介绍了该插入语的使用条件及特点。第四章,传信功能插入语“说是”研究。本章通过研究认为“说是”在共时平面有四种用法：1)跨层结构“说是”,2)引语功能“说是”,3)传信功能“说是”,4)反叙实功能“说是”。我们将跨层结构跨“说是”称为“说是1”,引语功能“说是”称为“说是2”,传信功能“说是”称为“说是3”,反叙实功能“说是”称为“说是4”。我们详细描述了这四种用法的特点及它们之间的差别。从“说是1”—“说是4”是逐步虚化的过程,不同的阶段发生虚化或词汇化的机制和动因不同。第五章,迟疑功能插入语“怎么说呢”研究。谈话语体具有应时即景这一特点,所以说话人在表达思想、传递信息时会一边组织话语一边进行表达,此时说话人就采用相关手段来延缓思考时间,以便组织话语让交际顺利进行。插入语“怎么说呢”在语句中就是说话人用来调节说话节奏,为说话人争取了思考的时间,来保证交际的顺利进行和完整性,实现其元语功能,它的有无不影响句子的语义真值。在具体语境中,导致迟疑的原因有换言表达、具体解释等不同情况。第六章,顿悟义插入语“我说呢”及主观化研究。插入语“我说呢”表达说话人对某件事情不清楚或不明白,经其他人解释说明,了解其原因后所表现出来的一种恍然大悟的心情。在语篇中要具备三个条件才能够使用该插入语：首先,说话人事先按照常规做出一个断言或预期；其次,发生某一违反常规或自己预期的事件；最后是通过他人的解释或自己的观察得到发生这一事件的原因。说说话人在明白反常规事件的原因后,才能够使用插入语“我说呢”,它所在的语段处于接应话轮,表达反预期信息。第七章,举例功能插入语“你比如说”研究。插入语“你比如说”具有举例、话题和假设三种功能,各个功能在形式上有不同的表现,话题功能和假设功能是从举例功能演变而来。在该插入语中“你”和“说”不是必要的组成成分,只是具有特殊的话语功能。同时插入语“你比如说”在现代汉语中还存在不同的变体“比如”、“你比如”、“比如说”,我们还分析了不同变体之间的异同之处。第八章,结语。本章主要是对全文做出一个总结,并且介绍了还有哪些“说”类插入语值得研究,以及我们以后需要继续深入研究的地方。综上,我们对“说”类插入语进行了研究,通过研究对“说”类插入语的形式、功能等有了一个较为全面深入的认识,希望本文的研究成果能对汉语教学有一定帮助。
[Abstract]:The object of this study is the parenthesis made up of "speaking". First, we make a general introduction to the "said" type of parenthesis, and then study five cases in detail. The full text is eight chapters, and the contents of each chapter are as follows.
The first chapter, introduction. This chapter introduces the object of the study and the origin of the topic, the current academic circles on the status of the study of the "said" type of parenthesis (what achievements, what are the shortcomings), the problems we need to study and the source of the corpus.
The second chapter is an introduction to the "say" type of parenthesis. This chapter aims to make a comprehensive and detailed investigation of the modern Chinese "speaking" parentheses. In form, most of the "said" parentheses belong to the complete form, and their components can not be replaced at will. From the position, some of the "said" parentheses are relatively fixed. The position of the parenthesis is more flexible. In terms of function, the function of the "said" type of parenthesis is very complex in the sentence. In addition, we also study the relationship between the "say" type inserts and the "think" and "see" the parentheses.
The third chapter, blame the meaning insert, "what do I say". "What do I say" in this chapter is an expression of the speaker's emotion; its function is that the speaker has told the listener how (or not), or there will be a corresponding consequence, but the hearer does not do it according to the speaker's wishes. The result appears the result of the speaker's expectation. Because the speaker violates the speaker's wishes, the speaker uses the parenthesis to express his dissatisfaction with the hearer and reproach the subjective emotion. In the form, the phrase "what I say" will appear "angry", "complaining" and other words to embody the discontent. It is necessary to have a certain semantic background to use the parenthesis. We have introduced the conditions and characteristics of the parenthesis.
The fourth chapter is the study of the word "say". In this chapter, we think that "say is" in the synchronic plane has four uses: 1) the cross layer structure "say is", "2) the function of the quotation," say is "," 3 "the function" say ", 4) the anti Syrian function" say is ". We call the cross layer structure" say is 1 ", the quotation function. "Say is" is called "say is 2", the function of "saying is" is called "saying is 3", and the anti Syrian function "saying is" is called "saying is 4". We describe the characteristics of the four uses and the differences between them in detail. From "say is 1" - "say is 4" is a process of gradual deficiency and a mechanism of virtual or lexicalization at different stages. It is different from the motivation.
The fifth chapter is the study of "how to say" in the hesitant functional parenthesis. The style of the conversation has the characteristic of the time view, so the speaker expresses his thoughts and transfers the information while expressing it. At this time the speaker uses the relevant means to postpone the thinking time so as to organize the discourse to carry on the communication smoothly. In a statement, the speaker is used to regulate the rhythm of the speech and the time for the speaker to think, to ensure the smooth progress and integrity of the communication, to realize its meta function, and to affect the true value of the sentence. In the specific context, the reasons for the delay are expressed in different situations, such as the specific explanation, and so on.
The sixth chapter, the Epiphany "I say" and the subjective study. "I say" the phrase "I say" to express the speaker is not clear or clear to a thing, the explanation of the explanation, understand the cause of a sudden feeling. In the text, there are three conditions to be able to use the parenthesis: first, A speaker first makes a assertion or expectation according to a routine; secondly, an event that breaks a routine or one's own expectation; and the last is the reason for the occurrence of the event by another's interpretation or observation. It is said that the speaker can use the insert, "I say", after understanding the reasons for the anti conventional event. The segment is in the answer turn, expressing anti - expectation information.
The seventh chapter, as an example of the functional insert, "you say", "you say", "you say" have examples, topics and hypotheses, three functions, each function is different in form, the function of the topic and the function of the hypothesis evolved from the example function. In the insert, "you" and "say" are not necessary components, just There are special discourse functions. At the same time, the parenthesis, "you say," in modern Chinese there are different variants, such as "you", "say", "say," and we also analyze the similarities and differences between different variants.
The eighth chapter is the conclusion. This chapter mainly makes a summary of the full text, and introduces what kind of "say" parentheses are worth studying, and where we need to continue to study further in the future.
To sum up, we have studied the "said" type of parenthesis. Through the study, we have a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the form and function of the "said" type of inserting language, and hope that the research results of this article can help Chinese teaching.
【学位授予单位】：南开大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

【参考文献】