2001-2010年政法类新词新语初探

发布时间：2018-06-17 04:35

本文选题：2001-2010年 + 政法　；参考：《江西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文主要从语言学本体角度和社会语用学角度对2001-2010年间的政法类新词做了定性的分析。本文所研究的政法词语是指从2001-2010年间新词语字典中有关政治和法律方面的词语，包括一些分界不是十分明确的词和短语。政法类新词的外形特点主要表现为：音节上以双音节词和四音节词为主，其他音节所占比例较少，这与语言学构词法所遵循的经济原则是相符的。结构方式上偏正型仍占主要地位，远远多于其他结构类型，其次是动宾型；加缀式的词语中，类词缀在双音节词和三音节词里出现的较多，四个或四个音节以上的词里类词缀出现的较少。词缀方面，政法类新词中出现的类词缀越来越多，构词能力也很强，并在人们的日常使用中不断得以推广，有许多类词缀都逐渐朝着词缀的方向发展。从缩略方式上来看，分段缩略的方法也远超其他缩略方式，其中，在四音节词语的缩略过程中，分段缩略的1234→13式又成为主要方式。新词的来源主要是外来词，港台词语，，专业术语。外来词中的借缀现象非常普遍，如英语中的“门”“吧”，日语中的“族”，丰富了汉语的新词队伍。方言中的新词主要研究来源于港台区域的，由于内地和港台在各方面的交流日益频繁，港台地区的文化词对内地的词汇冲击比较大，但也是重要的构词方式之一。另外不可忽视的一个来源是“就地取材”，即直接把旧词新用，大部分取自不同专业领域的专业术语，如有体育，生物，交通，建筑，食品，计算机，军事等。这种词语泛化现象主要利用了不同事物间的相似面。政法类新词除了从语言学本体角度研究，还从社会语用学和社会心理学多角度地研究，社会变迁，媒体传播和人际关系三方面共同影响政法类新词地变化发展。本文对政法类新词的发展趋势作了大致地预测，双音节词依旧是构词方式的主流；各种类词缀随着高频的使用将进一步变成真正的词缀；泛化作用将继续创制出大量新词。
[Abstract]:From the perspective of linguistic ontology and social pragmatics, this paper makes a qualitative analysis of political and legal neologisms from 2001-2010 to 2001-2010. The political and legal terms studied in this paper refer to the political and legal terms in the dictionary of new words from 2001-2010, including some words and phrases whose boundaries are not very clear. The appearance characteristics of political and legal neologisms are as follows: disyllabic words and four-syllable words are the main syllable, while the other syllables occupy a small proportion, which is consistent with the economic principles followed in the lexical formation of linguistics. In terms of structural pattern, the positive type is still dominant, far more than other structural types, followed by verb-object type, and affix-like affixes appear more frequently in disyllabic words and three-syllable words. There are fewer affixes in words with four or more syllables. In terms of affix, there are more and more affixes in political and legal neologisms, the ability of word-formation is also very strong, and they are popularized in the daily use of people, and many kinds of affixes are gradually developing towards the direction of affixes. From the point of view of acronym, the method of piecewise acronym is far superior to other abbreviations. In the process of four-syllable acronym, the 1234 / 13 type of segmental acronym becomes the main way. The sources of neologisms are mainly loanwords, Hong Kong and Taiwan words, and technical terms. Loan affixes are very common in loanwords, such as "door" in English and "clan" in Japanese, which enriches the ranks of new words in Chinese. The study of new words in dialects mainly comes from Hong Kong and Taiwan. Due to the increasingly frequent exchanges between the mainland and Hong Kong and Taiwan, cultural words in Hong Kong and Taiwan have a strong impact on the mainland vocabulary, but they are also one of the important word-formation methods. Another source that can not be ignored is "local materials", that is, the new use of old words, most of which are taken from different professional terms, such as sports, biology, transportation, architecture, food, computer, military and so on. This generalization of words mainly utilizes the similarity between different things. Political and legal neologisms not only from the perspective of linguistic Noumenon, but also from the perspective of social pragmatics and social psychology, social change, media communication and interpersonal relations affect the development of political and legal neologisms. This paper makes a general prediction of the development trend of political and legal neologisms. Dicyllabic words are still the mainstream of word-formation; various affixes will further become real affixes with the use of high frequency; the generalization will continue to produce a large number of new words.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136

【参考文献】