转喻泛化过程中的邻近性特征研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 15:28

本文选题：转喻 + 邻近性　；参考：《广西大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：转喻是语言中一种非常普遍的现象,目前已经得到越来越多的学者关注。传统上,转喻被看成是一种修辞格。大部分学者的工作集中在转喻的分类和运行机制上。认知语言学家认为转喻不仅仅是一种修辞效果,同时也是从本体到喻体的一个认知过程。当我们讨论转喻的时候,我们不能忽略雅各布森的研究成果,正是他把转喻与组合关系联系在一起,这是转喻研究泛化的开始。从此,转喻和隐喻就经常一起被当成是我们语言知识构成的最基本的过程。邻近性在转喻的定义中非常重要。传统的转喻观把邻近性看成是现实世界中的邻近,而认知转喻观则把邻近性看成是概念层面上的。至于转喻是实体之间还是概念域之间的关系还存在分歧,而且不是所有的邻近关系都能产生转喻效果。我们知道,转喻具有模糊性,在语言的各个层面上都有可能发生转喻关系,比如词语层面、语法层面以及语用层面。概念转喻在语义演变以及词汇意义的理解上起着非常重要的作用。汉语词类的歧义性主要是由于转喻机制在起作用,尤其是名词动词的转换,所以有人认为汉语是一种转喻的语言。在语用学中有的语言学家把间接言语行为也看成是一种转喻。在他们看来,说话人采用间接言语行为的方式也能达到其他言语行为可以达到的效果。转喻由此被看成是由动态的语境和语用因素控制的。而另外一些语用学家则尝试着解释交际中的转喻作用以及语用推理中的转喻作用。而有些常规化的转喻其实并不需要推理,比如“你能把盐递给我吗?”这样一句话,我们不应该理解成询问,而要理解成一种请求,这就需要我们从其他角度去理解这个句子的意思。
[Abstract]:Metonymy is a very common phenomenon in language, which has been paid more and more attention by scholars. Traditionally, metonymy is regarded as a figure of speech. Most scholars' work focuses on the classification and operation mechanism of metonymy. Cognitive linguists believe that metonymy is not only a rhetorical effect, but also a cognitive process from ontology to metaphor. When we discuss metonymy, we cannot ignore Jacobson's research results, which is the beginning of the generalization of metonymy research. Since then, metonymy and metaphor have often been taken together as the most basic process of our linguistic knowledge. Proximity is very important in the definition of metonymy. The traditional metonymy view regards proximity as proximity in the real world, while cognitive metonymy views proximity as conceptual. There are still differences as to whether metonymy is a relationship between entities or concept domains, and not all adjacent relationships can produce metonymy effects. We know that metonymy is fuzzy, and metonymy relations may occur at all levels of language, such as lexical level, grammatical level and pragmatic level. Conceptual metonymy plays an important role in semantic evolution and the understanding of lexical meaning. The ambiguity of Chinese parts of speech is mainly due to the metonymy mechanism, especially the transformation of noun verbs, so some people think that Chinese is a metonymy language. Some linguists in pragmatics regard indirect speech acts as metonymy. In their opinion, the speaker can achieve the same effect as other speech acts by using indirect speech act. Metonymy is thus viewed as controlled by dynamic context and pragmatic factors. Other pragmatics try to explain metonymy in communication and metonymy in pragmatic reasoning. Some conventional metonyms don't require reasoning, like, "can you pass me the salt?" Such a sentence should not be understood as an inquiry, but as a request, which requires us to understand the meaning of the sentence from other angles.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H05

【参考文献】