越南、泰国、印尼留学生汉语普通话声调习得建模

发布时间：2018-06-23 02:28

本文选题：声调 + 普通话　；参考：《广西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：声调和汉字是汉语区别于其他语言的显著标志,由于声调具有区别意义的作用,声调的研究与教学就显得格外重要。近年来针对留学生的汉语普通话声调研究获得了丰富的成果,也对对外汉语教学提供了参考。但是长期以来,对留学生声调的研究主要集中在欧美学生和日韩学生,针对越南、泰国、印尼留学生声调习得的研究还很少,在研究方法上,主要集中在比较声调的调型、声调起点和终点的高低、用感知的方法让留学生对听到的声调做判断、用实验语音的方法得到归一化的基频数据,从而比较调型和调值。本文用实验语音学的方法,对越南、泰国和印尼留学生习得汉语普通话声调构造数学模型,为留学生汉语普通话声调的学习制作了一把“尺子”,用这把尺子去丈量留学生声调学习情况。这把“尺子”包括四个参数：声调基频的“斜率差”、“函数差”、“残差和”和“声调差距”。声调基频的“斜率差”越小,表示留学生声调的调型与标准汉语普通话差别越小,也就是说留学生声调在声调调型方面越标准；声调基频“函数差”越小,表示留学生声调的调值与标准汉语普通话差别越小,也就是说留学生声调在声调调值方面越标准；声调基频“残差和”越小,表示留学生在发音过程中,喉头肌肉控制声带很平稳,发音很自然。前两个参数“斜率差”和“函数差”用来测算声调的准确度,而“残差和”用来测算声调的自然度,所以,“声调差距”就是“斜率差”、“函数差”和“残差和”三个参数的一个综合指标,“声调差距”越小,表示留学生汉语普通话声调习得越准确,习得效果越好,反之,“声调差距”越大,表示留学生汉语普通话声调习得越不准确,习得效果越差。在确立比较参数之后,利用Matlab软件编写数据提取程序,在运算结果的基础上,分别对这三个国家留学生汉语普通话习得声调的调型、调值和自然度进行了比较。本文得到了以下结论:一、如果留学生的母语有声调,其汉语普通话声调的习得过程是一个螺旋式的上升过程,时刻受到其母语声调的影响,学习效果会出现起伏和反复;二、如果留学生的母语没有声调,其汉语普通话声调的习得过程是一个平稳的上升过程;三、如果留学生母语声调的不同,也会对其汉语普通话声调学习产生影响,泰国学生掌握普通话去声的情况比越南学生好,但是泰国学生掌握普通话阳平的情况就没有越南学生好；四、总体上讲,在中国持续学习一段时间之后,这三个国家的学生声调较之刚刚学习的时候都有进步,但是进步并不十分明显,所以,接触汉语普通话之初,就应该强调汉语声调的学习；五、从基频抖动频率参数看,越南人、泰国人、印尼人声带振动模式和中国人基本一样,从理论上看,越南、泰国、印尼学生学好汉语普通话声调问题不大。除此之外,对越南、泰国和印尼三个国家不同汉语水平的留学生的声调建立数学模型,可以实现计算机对其声调的真实模拟,通过与普通话声调的对比,留学生可以动态学习普通话声调、校正发音缺陷、提高学习效率；同时,模型真实再现留学生习得汉语普通话声调这一过程的原貌,为精确地观察和分析留学生汉语声调学习情况提供参照；在一定程度上也为国际刑侦工作提供参考,因为犯罪现场的语音分析可以提供犯罪者的声调特征,用这些特征和我们的分析结果进行对比,就可以确认调查方向和调查范围,为刑侦工作提供帮助。
[Abstract]:Tones and Chinese characters are the distinct symbols of Chinese different from other languages. Because the tone has the function of distinguishing meaning, the research and teaching of the tone is particularly important. In recent years, the research on the tone of the Chinese Mandarin has gained a lot of achievements, and it also provides a reference for the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language. The research of tone is mainly focused on the European and American students and the Japanese and Korean students. There are few studies on the tone acquisition of the foreign students in Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia. In the research methods, the main focus is on the adjustment of the tone, the starting point and the end of the tone, and the perceptual method to make the students judge the tone of the sound, and the method of experimental phonetics is obtained. Normalization of fundamental frequency data to compare modulation and tone values.
This paper uses the method of experimental phonetics to acquire a mathematical model of the tone structure of Mandarin Chinese in Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia, and makes a "ruler" for the learning of the intonation of the Chinese Mandarin. This ruler is used to measure the intonation of the foreign students. This "ruler" includes four parameters: the slope of the tone base frequency. "Difference", "function difference", "residual difference" and "tone gap". The smaller the pitch difference of tone base frequency is, the smaller the difference between the tone type of the intonation and the standard Chinese Putonghua, that is to say, the more standard the intonation of the foreign students is in the tone type; the smaller the tone basic frequency "function difference" is, the lower the tone of the tone, indicating the adjustment and standard of the intonation of the foreign students. The smaller the difference between Chinese and Chinese, the more standard of the intonation of the foreign students, the more the tone base frequency "residual and", the smaller the tone basic frequency "residual and", which means that the larynx muscles control the vocal cord very smoothly and naturally. The first two parameters "poor slope" and "poor function" are used to measure the accuracy of the tone, but "the residual error". "And" to measure the natural degree of tone, so the "tone gap" is a comprehensive index of three parameters, "poor slope", "function difference" and "residuals and", the smaller the "tone gap" is, the more accurate the acquisition of the intonation is, the better the acquisition effect is. The more inaccurate the acquisition of Putonghua is, the worse the learning effect is.
After establishing the comparison parameters, the Matlab software is used to compile the data extraction program. On the basis of the results, the adjustment of the tones, the adjustment and the naturalness of the Chinese students in the three countries are compared. The following conclusions are obtained: first, if the students have a tone in their mother tongue, the pronunciation of Chinese Mandarin is the same. The process is a spiral process, which is influenced by the tone of the mother tongue, and the learning effect will be fluctuant and repeated. Two, if the foreign students have no tone in their mother tongue, the process of the acquisition of the tone of the Chinese Mandarin is a steady rising process. Three, if the tone of the mother tongue of the students remains different, it will also make the sound of the Chinese Mandarin sound. Thailand students are better in mastering Mandarin than Vietnamese students, but there are no Vietnamese students in mastering the Mandarin Yang by Thailand students. Four, after a period of continuous learning in China, students in these three countries have improved their tones than they have just learned, but they have made progress. It is not very obvious that, at the beginning of contact with Chinese Mandarin, we should emphasize the learning of the tone of Chinese. Five, from the base frequency jitter frequency parameters, the Vietnamese, Thai and Indonesian vocal vibration modes are basically the same as those of the Chinese. In theory, Vietnamese, Thailand, and Indo students have a little problem in learning the tone of Mandarin Chinese.
In addition, a mathematical model of the tone of the students of different Chinese level in three countries of Vietnam, Thailand and Indonesia can be set up to realize the real simulation of the tone of the computer. By comparing with the tone of Mandarin, the students can dynamically learn the tone of the Putonghua, correct the pronunciation defects and improve the learning efficiency. At the same time, the model is truly reproduced. The original appearance of the foreign students' acquisition of the tone of the Chinese Mandarin has provided a reference for the accurate observation and analysis of the Chinese tone learning of the foreign students; to a certain extent, it also provides a reference for the international criminal investigation, because the phonetic analysis of the crime scene can provide the tone characteristics of the offender, with these features and the results of our analysis. Through comparison, we can confirm the direction of investigation and the scope of investigation so as to provide assistance for criminal investigation.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

【参考文献】