中美关于中越南海争端报道的批评性话语分析

发布时间：2018-06-23 15:15

本文选题：南海问题 + 批评性话语分析　；参考：《华中师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：语言不仅是人们交流的工具,更是对特定社会意识形态的反映。作为一门研究语篇的学科,批评性话语分析在研究语篇语言特点的同时,也注重对语篇生成的社会历史背景进行考察,以此揭示语篇中隐含的权利和意识形态以及它们之间的相互关系。作为大众传媒的一种主要手段,新闻这一非文学语篇已经越来越受到人们的重视。人们注意到,新闻并不只是对新闻事件本身的报道,也不总是客观、公正的。事实上,新闻报道传递着各种非语言的信息,包括话语权利、观点态度、社会文化背景等。对于政治事件,新闻报道还能够在一定程度上反映国家的政治立场等,这些都是隐藏于新闻话语背后意识形态的体现。近些年的研究表明,批评性话语分析是研究新闻语篇意识形态的一种有效方法。本研究的主要目的是探讨语言、权利和意识形态之间的相互关系及中美新闻机构在语言和意识形态上的差异。文章以中越南海问题为例,以费尔克劳的三分模式和韩礼德的功能语法为主要理论基础,从中国新华社主办的《新华网》和美国的《纽约时报》分别选取了10篇关于此事的新闻报道,对它们进行以下三个层面的分析：文本层面,主要从分类和及物性两方面研究两国报道在语言特征上各自的特点及差异；话语实践层面,从转述方式和消息来源两方面考察了两国新闻报道的生成过程；社会实践层面,从社会、文化、政治制度等方面探讨了中美新闻语篇在文本和话语实践层面存在差异的原因,并进一步揭示了隐藏于新闻语篇中的权利和意识形态。研究发现主要包括以下两方面：首先,中美新闻机构无论在文本层面如词汇分类、及物性等还是在话语实践层面如转述方式及消息来源等方面都存在较大差异。通过对中美两国不同的社会、文化及政治制度进行考察和对比分析得知,二者在上述几方面的不同主要源于两国不同的意识形态及政治立场。其次,新闻话语决非像其宣称的那样客观、公正。相反,新闻报道中充斥着各种观点、态度,尤其是政治新闻,这是因为新闻机构往往代表着本国的意识形态体系以及该国政府的政治立场,因此新闻话语的公正性只是一个相对概念。就中越南海事件而言,《新华网》和《纽约时报》在语言层面的巨大差异取决于两国不同的权利和意识形态。从权利的角度讲,中国是一个无产阶级领导的发展中国家,提倡“和平共处”五项原则,《新华网》的报道正是体现了中国维护国家主权和领土完整的正当要求；不同于中国,美国一直以世界领导者自居,而《纽约时报》的报道也明确显示出美国一直推崇的霸权主义、强权政治,美国插手中越南海问题,实质上就是要扩张自己的权利范围,体现出其称霸世界的野心。从意识形态的角度讲,中国是一个社会主义国家,保持主权和领土完整是国家的核心利益,美国介入中越南海争端的非正义行为,显然侵犯了中国的主权及领土完整性,因此遭到中国的强烈反对；相反,美国是一个资本主义国家,推崇民主、自由的价值观,为实现本国利益的最大化,美国制定了全球战略并把亚洲作为其目标之一,鉴于南海重要的地理位置,美国插手了中越南海问题,根本不顾世界公平与正义。本研究的理论意义在于再次证明了费尔克拉夫三分模式及韩礼德功能语法在分析新闻语篇意识形态时的适用性,并揭示了新闻话语的不公正性。其实践意义在于激活了人们的语言意识,帮助人们在阅读新闻报道时更加有效地获得真实、有价值的新闻信息,并帮助提高了其鉴赏、评价新闻话语的能力,从而在今后的生活中能够更加客观的看待新闻报道中的语言。
[Abstract]:Language is not only a tool for people to communicate, but also a reflection of the specific social ideology. As a subject of discourse, critical discourse analysis, while studying the characteristics of discourse, also pays attention to the investigation of the social and historical background of discourse generation, in order to reveal the implied rights and ideology in the text and between them. The relationship between each other.
As a major means of mass media, the non literary text of news has been paid more and more attention. It is noted that news is not only a report of the news event itself, but not always objective and impartial. In fact, the news reports convey various nonverbal information, including the right of discourse, opinion, attitude, and social culture. Background and so on. For political events, news reports can also reflect the political position of the country to a certain extent, all of which are embodied in the ideology behind the news discourse. In recent years, the research shows that critical discourse analysis is an effective way to study the ideology of news discourse.
The main purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between language, rights and ideology and the differences in language and ideology between China and the United States. The article takes the Sino Vietnamese South China Sea issue as an example, based on Phil Klau's three model and Hallidy's functional grammar as the main theoretical basis, and from the Xinhua net, which is hosted by the Xinhua news agency of China, and the United States. China's < New York Times > selected 10 news reports on the matter and analyzed them in the following three levels: the textual level, mainly from the two aspects of classification and transitivity, studied the characteristics and differences of the two countries' reports on the language characteristics; the discourse practice level examined the two countries from the two aspects of the transfer mode and the source of information. The formation process of news reports; the social practice level, from the social, cultural, political system and other aspects to explore the differences between Chinese and American news discourse on the level of text and discourse practice, and further reveal the rights and ideology hidden in the news discourse.
The findings mainly include the following two aspects: first, there are great differences in the text level, such as vocabulary classification, transitivity, etc., such as the way of retelling and the source of information in the discourse practice level. Through the investigation and comparative analysis of the different social, cultural and political systems between China and the United States, two The differences in these aspects are mainly due to the different ideological and political positions of the two countries. Secondly, the news discourse is not as objective and impartial as it claims. On the contrary, the news reports are filled with various views, attitudes, especially political news, because the news agencies often represent their own ideological system and the state's administration. Therefore, the justness of news discourse is only a relative concept.
In terms of the Sino Vietnamese South China Sea events, the great difference in language level between Xinhua and New York Times depends on the different rights and ideology of the two countries. From the point of view of rights, China is a developing country led by the proletariat, advocating the five principles of "peaceful coexistence", and the report of "Xinhua net" is the embodiment of China's maintenance of the state owner. Different from China, the United States has been living with world leaders, and the report of < New York Times > also clearly shows the hegemonism, power politics and the South China Sea in the hands of the United States. In essence, it is to expand its scope of rights and reflect its ambition to dominate the world. China is a socialist state, and China is a socialist country. Maintaining sovereignty and territorial integrity is the core interests of the country. The unjust behavior of the United States intervening in the South China Sea dispute clearly violates China's sovereignty and territorial integrity. Therefore, it has been strongly opposed by China. In contrast, the United States is a capitalist country, and advocates democracy and self. In order to maximize the interests of the country, the United States has formulated a global strategy and one of its goals. In view of the important geographical location of the South China Sea, the United States has taken a hand in the South China Sea problem, regardless of world fairness and justice.
The theoretical significance of this study is to reprove the applicability of felk three model and Hallidy functional grammar in the analysis of news discourse ideology, and reveal the injustice of news discourse. Its practical significance is to activate people's language awareness and help people to get more effective in reading news reports. It is true, valuable news information, and helps to improve its appreciation, to evaluate the ability of news discourse, and to be able to look at the language of news reports more objectively in the future.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H052

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