利用“六书”提高对外汉字教学效率

发布时间：2018-06-26 14:32

本文选题：汉字教学 + “六书”　；参考：《广西大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：在对外汉语教学中,汉字教学一直是个难点。汉字及是阅读和写作的基础,也是影响汉语学习质量的重要因素之一。外国学生只有达到一定的识字量,才有可能进行阅读和写作。然而许多初学汉语的外国学生认为,汉字难认、难读、难写、难记,无异于天书。如引导不善,极易挫伤外国学生的学习兴趣。如何降低学习汉字的难度,减轻学生记忆负担,提高识字效率一直是人们所关心的问题。 “六书”是我国关于汉字结构原理最早的理论,一直被文字学界奉为圭臬,历代沿袭并逐渐成为我国识字教学的核心。“六书”最早科学地揭示了汉字的结构规律,首次将隐藏与汉字内部象形、指事、会意、形声四种汉字结构类型归纳出来,在汉字科学研究史上产生了重要的影响。现在我们使用的汉字,大多在先秦时已经成熟,东汉许慎所著的《说文解字》,以“六书”为基础系统的总结了汉字的构造方式,其对汉字的解释和阐述,在现在看来依然系统而完备。有了“六书”这把钥匙,再进入汉字世界就会发现,虽然汉字数量繁多,形体复杂,但却是组织严密、规律性很强且具独特的思维方式和深厚文化底蕴的文字体系。因此,我们有必要将“六书”应用于对外汉字教学,针对汉字特点和造字规律,吸纳前人优秀的教学经验与成果进行教学,运用故事讲解、联想记忆、音义结合等汉字教学方法,使外国学生更好地识记汉字的字形结构,掌握汉字音、形、义三者之间的关系,帮助他们消除学习汉字的恐惧心理,逐渐树立自信心,从而深刻地认识汉字的结合规律,理解文字的文化内涵,提高汉字教学效率,为对外汉语教学提供一些事半功倍的方法与途径,使中华民族五千年的优秀文化得以更好的传播。
[Abstract]:Chinese character teaching has always been a difficulty in teaching Chinese as a foreign language. Chinese characters and Chinese characters are the basis of reading and writing, and also one of the important factors affecting the quality of Chinese learning. Foreign students can read and write only if they reach a certain level of literacy. However, many new foreign students believe that Chinese characters are difficult to read, difficult to write and difficult to remember. If the guidance is not good, it is easy to dampen the interest of foreign students. How to reduce the difficulty of learning Chinese characters, reduce the burden of students' memory, and improve the efficiency of literacy has always been the concern of people. The "six Books" is the earliest theory about the structure of Chinese characters in China, which has been regarded as the standard in the field of Chinese characters, and has gradually become the core of the teaching of Chinese characters. The "six Books" first scientifically revealed the structural law of Chinese characters, and for the first time summed up four types of Chinese characters' structural types: hidden and internal pictographs, signifiers, meanings, and shapes and sounds, which had an important impact on the history of scientific research of Chinese characters. At present, most of the Chinese characters we use have matured in the pre-Qin period. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xu Shen's "Shuo Wen Jie Zi", based on the "six Books", systematically summarizes the construction of Chinese characters and their interpretation and elaboration of Chinese characters. It still looks systematic and complete. With the key of "six Books", it will be found that although the number of Chinese characters is numerous and the shape is complex, it is a well-organized, highly regular, unique thinking mode and a writing system with profound cultural background. Therefore, it is necessary for us to apply "six Books" to the teaching of Chinese characters in foreign countries. According to the characteristics of Chinese characters and the rules of character creation, we should absorb the outstanding teaching experience and achievements of our predecessors and use stories to explain and associate memories. The combination of pronunciation and meaning can help foreign students better memorize the shape structure of Chinese characters, master the relationship among the sounds, shapes and meanings of Chinese characters, help them eliminate their fear of learning Chinese characters, and gradually build up their self-confidence. Therefore, we can deeply understand the law of the combination of Chinese characters, understand the cultural connotations of characters, improve the teaching efficiency of Chinese characters, and provide some ways and means for teaching Chinese as a foreign language with twice the result with half the effort, so that the excellent culture of the Chinese nation for five thousand years can be better spread.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

【参考文献】