语言对交通活动的表达及其运筹

发布时间：2018-06-27 02:49

本文选题：交通活动 + 汉语　；参考：《南京大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：本文依据菲尔墨“场景”的模式理论,就一个整体事件交通活动进行分析,根据参与到透视域中的角色的不同,交通活动可以分为交通乘用活动、交通驾驭活动、交通运行活动及交通运输活动四类。语言对这四类交通活动是如何进行表达的,分别采取了哪些理据类型进行表达,四类交通活动理据类型之间存在怎样的关系,其间理据类型异同关系的原因是什么,以及四类活动是怎样进行叠置表达的等都是本文所要探讨的对象。本文综合采用了统计、比较研究、整体研究和多维度研究的方法,尽可能呈现语言对交通活动的表达及其运筹,并从中探究语言内部的运行机制。语言对交通乘用活动的表达采用了以体姿活动、以空间的接触关系、上下位移活动,以及以交通运输活动蕴含表达四种理据类型,“坐”在以体姿活动表达策略中获胜,“上|下|乘”在以上下位移活动表达策略中获胜。由于范畴化的作用,人们选用“坐电梯”而非实时的“站电梯”进行表达。语言对交通驾驭活动的表达采用了以肢体及物性活动、以发动／安置活动、以相关致使义活动、以接触关系表达,以及用如乘用活动“我坐他开的车”蕴含表达驾驭活动五种理据类型。如“踩单车|划船”“开车|驾车”“卓を怟耘する(开车)”“掌舵”分别是对前四种理据类型表达的示例。与驾驭动词“开”和“驾”搭配的交通工具的类型呈现出中心-边缘的图式类型。语言对交通运行活动的表达采用了以水平位移活动“运行|飞驰”、以起讫/经由活动“起航|着陆|穿越”、以发动活动“开(着)”以及以交通驾驭活动“他在开车”蕴含表达四种理据类型。存在有以“车在走”“飞机飞行”等对“行走”“飞行”图式的模仿,以水平位移活动表达的理据类型属于基于相似性的隐喻的认知模式,是语言表达对起点—路径—目标图式的模仿。语言对交通运输活动的表达则采用了以肢体及物活动“拉”、以起讫活动“起运”、以及以水平位移活动的运行和使货物运输的相关致使的混合义“运输|空运”表达四种理据类型,采用了转喻和隐喻两种认知模式进行表达。交通活动是一个由四类活动组成的有机整体,各类活动之间存在紧密的内在联系,能够进行叠置表达,在理据类型相似度上表现出两两对应的相关关系。理据异同关系的原因可以从各类交通活动的性质及区别性特征上去分析。叠置表达则受词汇标记、语序、蕴含等多种作用因素影响。语言表达中存在竞争和兼容的双重状态,因观察角度的不同,语言对某一活动的表达存在多种表达形式,人们可以寻求最优的表达。语言对交通活动的表达与人的认知和常规关系模式密切相关,且具有自身的系统性、丰富性、理据性。
[Abstract]:Based on the model theory of "scene", this paper analyzes a whole event traffic activity. According to the different roles involved in perspective domain, traffic activity can be divided into traffic riding activity and traffic driving activity. Traffic operation activity and traffic transportation activity 4 kinds. How these four types of traffic activities are expressed by language, which types of motivations are adopted, what is the relationship between the four types of motivation of traffic activities, and what are the reasons for the similarities and differences between the different types of motivation? Four kinds of activities are discussed in this paper. In this paper, the methods of statistics, comparative study, whole research and multi-dimensional research are used to show the expression of language to traffic activity and its operation as far as possible, and to explore the internal operating mechanism of language. The language uses four kinds of motivations to express traffic activities, such as body-pose activities, spatial contact relations, up-down and up-down displacement activities, and expresses four kinds of motivations by means of transport activities. "sitting" wins in expressing strategies of body-posture activities. "up and down multiply" in the above lower displacement activity expression strategy wins. Because of categorization, people choose "elevator" instead of real-time "station elevator" to express. Language uses physical and physical activities to initiate / place activities, related causative activities, and contact relationships to express traffic control activities. And the use of activities such as riding "I in his car" contains five types of motivation to express driving activities. For example, "cycling", "driving", "driving" and "steering" are examples of the first four types of motivation. The types of vehicles combined with the driving and driving verbs show a central-edge pattern. The expression of traffic movement in the language is to use the horizontal displacement activity to "run the force", and to start / pass through the activity "to set sail and land through", It expresses four kinds of motivations by initiating activities "driving" and using "he is driving". There are imitation of "walking" and "flying" by "car in motion" and "flying", and the motivation types expressed by horizontal displacement activities belong to the cognitive model of metaphor based on similarity. Is the language expression of the starting point-path-goal schema imitation. On the other hand, the expression of language for traffic and transportation activities is "pulling" with body and material activities, and "starting" with "transportation" by means of "starting" activities. As well as the mixed meaning of "transport by air" in terms of the movement of horizontal displacement activities and the related causes of cargo transport, four types of motivation are expressed, which are metonymy and metaphorical cognitive models. Traffic activity is an organic whole composed of four kinds of activities. There is a close internal relation between each kind of activity, which can be expressed in overlay, and the similarity of motivation type shows a pairwise correlation. The reasons for the similarities and differences of motivation can be analyzed from the nature and distinguishing characteristics of various traffic activities. Superposition expressions are influenced by lexical markers, word order, implication and other factors. There is a dual state of competition and compatibility in language expression. Because of different observation angles, there are many forms of expression of a certain activity in language, so people can seek the best expression. The expression of language to traffic activities is closely related to the cognitive and conventional patterns of human beings, and has its own systematicness, richness and motivation.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H030

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