明代汉译藏传密教文献和西域僧团——兼谈汉藏佛教史研究的语文学方法

发布时间：2018-06-27 14:49

本文选题：传承宗师名录 + 汉译藏传密教文献　；参考：《清华大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2011年02期

【摘要】：通过对我国台湾故宫博物院所藏两部汉译藏传密教仪轨《吉祥喜金刚集轮甘露泉》和《如来顶髻尊胜佛母现证仪》中出现的传承宗师名录的考证,证明这两部仪轨最后一位传承宗师就是明代早期著名国师、曾多次出使西番的智光。由此可以确定,这两部原本以为是元代译本的藏密仪轨实际上出自明代,译者莎南屹Up当是明代的一位大译师。这一发现可以重新改写元、明两代藏传佛教于汉地传播的历史。现在我们所能见到的原以为是元代的汉译藏传密教文献中相当大的一部分实际上都是明代的作品,明代翻译的藏传密教文献从数量上超过了元朝。这说明藏传佛教于汉地的传播并没有因为朝代的更替而中断,曾深得蒙古皇帝青睐的萨思迦派喇嘛于明代依然十分活跃,其所传"道果法"在明代传播之广远甚于前朝。由印度、西番僧及其汉人弟子组成的所谓"西域僧团"曾经是明代中国非常有影响力的一个僧伽组织,对藏传佛教于汉地的传播起了非常重要的作用。
[Abstract]:Through the textual research on the list of inheriting and mastering masters appearing in the two Chinese-Chinese translations of Tibetan Missionary rituals of the Palace Museum in Taiwan, "auspicious and auspicious King Kong Collection", Manuquan, and "the Tathagata Dingji Zongsheng Buddha Mother present Certificate", Proved that the last master of these two traditions is the early Ming Dynasty famous national division, has many missions to Xifan Zhiguang. From this, it can be concluded that the two books originally thought to be the Yuan Dynasty version of the secret ceremony actually originated from the Ming Dynasty, the translator Shananyi Up should be a great translator in the Ming Dynasty. This discovery can rewrite the history of the spread of Tibetan Buddhism in Han in the Ming Dynasty and the Yuan Dynasty. What we can see now is that a large part of the translation documents of the Yuan Dynasty is actually the works of the Ming Dynasty. The number of the documents translated in the Ming Dynasty is larger than that in the Yuan Dynasty. This shows that the spread of Tibetan Buddhism in the Han Dynasty was not interrupted by the change of the dynasty. The Sakya Lama, once favored by Mongolian emperors, was still very active in the Ming Dynasty, and his spread of the Daoguo method was far more extensive than that of the former Dynasty. The so-called "Western region Sangha", composed of Indian, Western Monks and their Han disciples, was once a very influential Sangha organization in China in the Ming Dynasty, and played a very important role in the spread of Tibetan Buddhism in the Han region.
【作者单位】：中国人民大学国学院;
【分类号】：H059;K248

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