威妥玛《寻津录》研究

发布时间：2018-06-28 16:26

本文选题：威妥玛 + 《寻津录》　；参考：《上海师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：《寻津录》(The Hsin Ching Lu or Book of Experiments:being the First of a Series of Contribution to the Study of Chinese,1859)是19世纪英国外交官威妥玛针对来华翻译生的第一本汉语学习教材。本文考订《寻津录》的成书背景及选材编排,分析该书中第一次呈现的威妥玛式拼音方案,研究书中出现频率较高的语法点——虚字“的”和“了”,以期推进对威妥玛汉语成就的研究。共分五章：第一章绪论,说明选题意义,对学界关于威妥玛的汉学研究进行简单述评,介绍所采用的理论、方法和文献来源。第二章对威妥玛的生平作简单介绍,论述威氏的汉语学习,认为从1841年1861年这二十年是其汉语学习的重要阶段,奠定了其汉语观,即北京官话是中国通行官话,掌握北京官话,特别是口语,是非常必要的；并对《寻津录》的编纂进行考略,《寻津录》是威妥玛对来华翻译生汉语培训计划的产物,它对汉语的语音、词汇以及语法特点进行了一次实验性探索,其选材也颇为用心,第一部分《天类》选自《御制增订清文鉴》,第二部分是对王又朴《圣谕广训衍说》第一章的翻译及讲解。书中选取了大量的北京话口语词汇第三章考察《寻津录》中的威妥玛式拼音方案的缘起,分析该方案的声韵调特点：记录了27个声母和39个韵母,共397个音节,见精组声母腭化,尖团合流,疑微两母消失,并入零声母；四呼齐全,入声韵消失。判断北京话声韵调在19世纪中期基本定型。并尝试梳理《寻津录》之后威妥玛式拼音的发展,首先,两版《语言自迩集》(1867/1886)对《寻津录》的声韵调进行改订,包括增加了23个音节、声母附加符号的简化、增加iai韵和uo韵、对轻声和儿化韵的认识更为深入;其次,在翟理斯的两版《华英字典》(1892/1912)中,翟理斯简化符号设置,取消lun音,增加jua (rua)音,威—翟式拼音体系(Wade-Giles System)形成。第四章探究《寻津录》中虚字“的”、“了”的用法,论述评价威妥玛的认知及处理方式,“的”涵盖了现代汉语“的”、“地”、“得”的语法功能,既可以作定语、状语标记,也可以作补语标记。北京话中虚字“的”的用法在19世纪可能基本定型,并且“的”的用法可能受到满语的影响。虚字“了”在《寻津录》中的语音分布为liao3、liao1、la1、lo,推断“了”从动态助词向语气词虚化的过程中,可能存在过渡音lo和la,语音虚化轨迹为liao→lo/la→le。“了”的a套和。套音变韵,可能也是满语发音的渗透。第五章总结《寻津录》的内容,讨论其可能价值。这是一本综合性的实验性读本,真实地反映了19世纪北京话口语的面貌。第一次系统地提出了威妥玛式拼音方案,此后的《语言自迩集》基本沿用了该方案。
[Abstract]:The Hsin Ching Lu or Book of perimeters: being the first of a Series of contribution to the study to Chinese 1859 is the first Chinese translation textbook of the 19th-century British diplomat Wade. This paper examines the background and material arrangement of the book, analyzes the Wade phonetic scheme presented for the first time in the book, and studies the frequent grammatical point of the book, namely "the sum" of the "empty character". In order to promote the study of Wade Chinese achievements. It is divided into five chapters: the first chapter is an introduction to the significance of the topic, a brief review of the academic research on Wade Sinology, the introduction of the theory, methods and sources of literature. The second chapter makes a brief introduction to Wade's life, discusses Wei's Chinese learning, and holds that the 20 years from 1861 to 1841 is an important stage of his Chinese learning, which lays the foundation of his view of Chinese, that is, Beijing Mandarin is the official language in China and master the Beijing Mandarin. In particular, spoken language is very necessary, and the compilation of "seek Jin Lu" is a product of Wade's Chinese training program for translation students coming to China. The lexical and grammatical features were explored in an experimental way, and the material was chosen with great care. The first part is about the translation and explanation of the first chapter of Wang Youpu, the second part is about the translation and explanation of the first chapter of Wang Youpu. In chapter three, a large number of oral vocabulary of Beijing dialect are selected to investigate the origin of the Wade phonetic scheme, and the phonological characteristics of the scheme are analyzed: 27 initials and 39 vowels are recorded, and a total of 397 syllables are recorded. There was palatation of the consonants, confluence of the sharp clusters, disappearance of the two female suspects, incorporation of zero consonants, complete intonation and disappearance of the entering rhyme. It is judged that the tone and rhyme of Beijing dialect were basically fixed in the middle of the 19 th century. And try to sort out the development of Wade Pinyin after "seek Jin Lu". First, two editions of "language since you" (1867 / 1886) have modified the tone of "seeking Jinlu", including the addition of 23 syllables, the simplification of initial symbols, and the addition of iai rhyme and uo rhyme. Secondly, in Zelis's two editions of "Hua Ying Dictionary" (1892 / 1912), Zhai Li simplifies the symbol setting, cancels the lun sound, increases the jua (rua) sound, and forms the Wade-Giles system. The fourth chapter explores the usage of the empty words "," in "seek Jin Lu", and discusses the cognitive and processing methods of evaluating Wade. The grammatical functions of "covering modern Chinese", "land" and "de" can be used as attributives. Adverbial markers can also be used as complement marks. The usage of the empty word in Beijing dialect may have been basically fixed in the 19 th century, and its usage may be influenced by Manchu. The phonetic distribution of the empty word "Huo" in "seeking Jin Lu" is liao3 / liao1 / la1 / loo. It is inferred that there may be a transition sound lo and la. the track of phonetic vacualization is liao / lo/la / L / L during the process from dynamic auxiliary to modal word. A sum of "already". Set sound change rhyme, may also be the penetration of Manchu pronunciation. The fifth chapter summarizes the content of "seek Jin Lu" and discusses its possible value. This is a comprehensive experimental book, a true reflection of the 19 th century Beijing dialect oral appearance. In this paper, Wade Pinyin is proposed for the first time, and since then, the scheme has been basically used in the Collection of languages from you.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H195

【参考文献】