试析公文语言的准确性与模糊性

发布时间：2018-06-29 04:50

本文选题：公文语言 + 准确语言　；参考：《山西师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：公文写作，是国家各级党政机关、企事业单位以及社会团体处理公务、传播信息、实施管理的重要实践活动，是公务人员必须掌握的一项基本功。一篇高质量的公文不仅会提高工作效率，甚而会对社会、历史产生不可估量的影响。任何体裁的写作都需要深厚的语言功底，公文写作对语言更是有很高的要求。虽然关于公文写作历来受到诸多研究人员的重视，但是综观当下的公文写作研究，，有关公文语言的研究很少，关于公文语言的准确性与模糊性的研究更少是少之又少。近年来，许多研究人员热衷于研究公文中的模糊语言，然而关于模糊语言与准确语言之间的关系却被研究者有所忽视；关于准确语言和模糊语言在公文特定文种写作中的应用几乎无人问津。近年来，随着公文语言的不断发展，公文语言的准确性与模糊性的关系发生了新的变化，例如二者之间的相互依存、相互促进关系，公文特定文种的写作对于模糊语言与准确语言的要求各不相同等等，然而这些语言现象并没有过多地引起语言学界的关注。笔者写作本论文的目的正是为了填补这一空白，在公文语言的准确性与模糊性研究方面抛砖引玉，为以后公文语言的全面研究提供一个起点。本文以公文语言的准确性与模糊性之间的关系以及二者在公文写作中的应用为研究对象，并且得出了得出以下结论： 1、在哲学方面，模糊语言与准确语言之间的关系是对立统一关系。二者之间的对立关系表现为互相反对、相互否定。二者之间的统一关系表现为相互依存、相互促进、相互渗透和相互转化。 2、在应用方面，模糊语言与准确语言之间的关系有两种：一是互补关系；二是在特定语境中，模糊语言在表述公文内容的时候，具有比准确语言更精确的表达功能，是更高层次上的准确。模糊语言与准确语言在公文写作中一般的应用规律： 1、在法定行政公文中，文种的标题有两种类型：一种是单标题，另一种是双标题。单标题用的较普遍；双标题用的很少，只出现在公告、述职报告等文种中。标题中的发文机关、批转或转发、收文机关、原件标题、机关名称和会议名称七项内容是采用准确语言表述。标题中的事由的表述有两种情况：一种是用准确语言表述，另一种是采用模糊语言来表述。在双标题中，正标题是用模糊语言来表述；副标题是用准确语言表述。 2、在法定行政公文中，正文中的开头如果是缘由的时候，表述有三种情况：用准确语言表述的；用模糊语言表述的；准确语言和模糊语言共同表述的。正文中的主体部分，如果具有权威性、强制性或法规性，那么用准确语言表述；如果是建议性、或是语气比较温婉、或是摘要性的，则以模糊语言为主来表述。结尾部分如果是要求、希望、号召，一般用模糊语言表述。
[Abstract]:Official document writing is an important practical activity for the party and government organs, enterprises and institutions, and social organizations at all levels to deal with official duties, disseminate information, and implement management, and is a basic skill that public officials must master. A high-quality document not only improves efficiency, but also has an incalculable impact on society and history. Any genre of writing needs profound language skills, and official document writing has a high demand for language. Although many researchers have always attached importance to the writing of official documents, there are few researches on the language of official documents and less on the accuracy and vagueness of the language of official documents. In recent years, many researchers are keen to study fuzzy language in official documents. However, the relationship between fuzzy language and accurate language has been neglected by researchers. The application of accurate language and vague language in the writing of official documents is almost unknown. In recent years, with the continuous development of the official document language, the relationship between the accuracy and ambiguity of the official document language has undergone new changes, such as the interdependence and mutual promotion between the two languages. The requirements of vague language and accurate language are different in the writing of official documents. However, these linguistic phenomena have not attracted much attention from linguists. The purpose of this thesis is to fill in this blank and to offer a starting point for the comprehensive study of the official document language in terms of the accuracy and fuzziness of the official document language. This paper takes the relationship between the accuracy and fuzziness of official document language and their application in official document writing as the research object, and draws the following conclusions: 1, in the aspect of philosophy, The relation between fuzzy language and accurate language is unity of opposites. The antagonistic relationship between the two is expressed as mutual opposition and mutual negation. The unified relationship between them is characterized by interdependence, mutual promotion, mutual penetration and mutual transformation. In the aspect of application, there are two kinds of relations between fuzzy language and accurate language: one is complementary, the other is in specific context. Fuzzy language can express the contents of official documents more accurately than the accurate language, and it is more accurate at a higher level. The general application rules of fuzzy language and accurate language in official document writing are as follows: 1. In statutory administrative documents, there are two types of titles: one is single title, the other is double title. Single-title is more common; double-heading is rare and only appears in announcements, reports and other languages. The seven items in the title, such as the issuing office, the batch or forwarding, the receiving organ, the original title, the name of the organ and the name of the meeting, are expressed in accurate language. There are two cases in the title: one is to express it in exact language, the other is to express it in fuzzy language. In the double title, the positive title is expressed in fuzzy language, the subtitle is expressed in accurate language. 2. In the legal administrative document, if the beginning of the text is the reason, there are three kinds of situations: the correct language; Expressed in vague language; expressed in accurate and vague language. If the main part of the text is authoritative, mandatory or statutory, then it is expressed in accurate language; if it is suggested, or the tone is gentle or abstract, it is mainly expressed in fuzzy language. If the end part is a request, hope, call, it is usually expressed in vague language.
【学位授予单位】：山西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H13

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