汉语致使义动结结构的构式研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 09:25

本文选题：汉语动结式 + 致使　；参考：《中南大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：动结式是汉语中的一种特殊语法现象,一般由两个谓词构成：前一个谓词表示某种行为,后一个谓词表示该行为导致的某种结果。这种表达充分运用了语言的经济性原则,体现了汉语“言简义丰”的语言优势。由于动结式的特殊性和优越性,该结构一直是语言学界的研究重点。他们从句法核心和配价等角度探索过动结式的句法和语义特征,但是有关动结式的底层语义角色是如何提升成为高层语义角色却一直存在分歧,因此本文在西方新兴语言学理论即“构式语法”的理论指导下尝试性探析了该语言现象。为了研究的全面性,本文基于补语语义指向和主语来源这一双重标准将动结式分为七个子类,其中四类属于补语语义指向宾语范畴,而另外三类则属于补语语义指向主语范畴。由于受到距离象似性的约束,补语有强烈的后指倾向,因此SVRO结构中的绝大部分实例的补语语义指向宾语。尽管所有动结式都蕴含“致使”义,但是每种子构式在具体的语义、对内部成分的约束以及论元的实现手段等方面却存在差别。构式语法认为动词与构式角色的互动涉及“熔合”和“构式单独提供”两种机制,并且两种角色熔合时须遵守语义一致原则和对应原则,但是本文发现由于语言结构受到认知的影响,某些汉语动结构式与述语动词整合时违反了语义一致原则,但是由于构式语法本质上隶属于认知语言学,因此该特殊现象并不影响构式语法的应用价值。为了区分与之前的两种机制,作者将两种语义不一致的角色整合称为“凝聚”。此外,本文在探讨了所有带宾语的动结子类之后,试探着立足于已有的研究成果分析了典型歧义动结句“张三追累了李四”。作者认为歧义的产生根源于相同的语言表达形式能够同时满足多种子构式。并且,构式之间能够互相转换,也就是说,不同的构式可以通过凸显不同的角色描绘同一场景,这充分说明了构式之间形成了一个承继系统。通过深入探讨,本文的研究不仅有效验证了构式语法在分析汉语结构,特别是特殊语法现象方面的适用价值,而且有助于针对动结式的对外汉语教学。
[Abstract]:Verb-resultant is a special grammatical phenomenon in Chinese, which is generally composed of two predicates: the former predicate denotes a certain behavior, and the latter predicate represents a certain result of the behavior. This expression makes full use of the economic principle of language and embodies the language superiority of Chinese language. Because of the particularity and superiority of verb-resultant, the structure has always been the focus of the linguists. They explore the syntactic and semantic features of hyperactive resultant from the perspective of syntactic core and valence, but there are many differences about how the bottom semantic role of verb-resultant can be promoted to high-level semantic role. Therefore, under the guidance of the western new linguistic theory, "Construction Grammar", this paper tries to explore the linguistic phenomenon. Based on the double standards of complement semantic direction and subject source, this paper divides the verb resultant into seven subcategories, four of which belong to the category of complement semantic pointing to object, and the other three belong to the category of complement semantic pointing to subject. Because of the restriction of distance iconicity, the complement has a strong tendency of posterior reference, so most of the examples in SVRO structure point to the object. Although all the action conjunctions contain the meaning of "causation", there are differences in the specific semantics, the constraints on the internal components and the means of realizing the argument in each seed construction. Construction grammar holds that the interaction between verbs and constructional roles involves two mechanisms of "fusion" and "construction provided separately", and the principle of semantic consistency and correspondence should be observed when the two roles are fused. However, due to the cognitive influence on the language structure, some Chinese verb structures are in violation of the principle of semantic consistency when they are integrated with the predicate verbs. However, the construction grammar is essentially subordinate to cognitive linguistics. Therefore, this special phenomenon does not affect the application value of construction grammar. In order to distinguish them from the previous two mechanisms, the author calls the two semantic discordant role integration "cohesion". In addition, after discussing all the subclasses of verb-knot with object, this paper tries to analyze the typical ambiguous verb-knot sentence based on the existing research results. "Zhang San has tired Li Si". The author believes that ambiguity arises from the fact that the same linguistic expressions can satisfy multiple-seed constructions at the same time. Moreover, the different constructions can transform each other, that is, different constructions can describe the same scene by highlighting different characters, which fully shows that an inheritance system is formed between the constructions. Through in-depth study, this study not only effectively verifies the applicable value of construction grammar in the analysis of Chinese structure, especially special grammatical phenomena, but also contributes to the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language in the context of verb-resultant teaching.
【学位授予单位】：中南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146.3

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