汉英人体隐喻对比

发布时间：2018-07-01 09:01

本文选题：人体器官 + 人体隐喻　；参考：《西安外国语大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：人们认识世界都是由简到繁、由具象到抽象，通过人们已经熟悉的事物来认识未知的事物，这是人们认知的规律。而与人类最熟悉的也莫过于人体本身，根据人体器官的位置和功能来指称一些与这些特征类似的事物域、抽象域和其他领域。在汉英语中，存在着大量人体词汇，这些词汇是形成隐喻化的基础。人类生理构造及身体经历不可避免地被人类用于认识客观世界。人体隐喻认知是人类认知世界的基本方式之一。隐喻作为一种语言现象，是人类表达的重要形式。语言的表达方式反映思维的认知方式。因此语言、思维与隐喻密不可分。人体隐喻其实质就是用人体域来解释说明其他概念域。人类最先是以人本身为参照点来认识客观世界的。体认是最直接认识事物和世界的方式。人体隐喻是上古先民对自身的了解来类推外部世界,体现了人与世界的互动。本文运用认知语言学的相关知识,对汉英语中的人体词汇和熟语这些语料进行分析,分析汉英语人体隐喻的共性和差异,来揭示语言现象背后所体现的不同的民族文化心理的以及产生的原因。本文主要从“头、脸、心、口、足”五个身体部位来进行对比研究。通过对比分析,得出汉英人体隐喻存在共性和差异。存在共性的主要原因是汉英语有共同的生理基础及相似的认知过程——体认，通过身体经验去理解和认识世界。不同之处就是不同的民族所使用的人体隐喻打着深深的文化烙印,主要体现在不对应性和空缺性上。而这些差异是由于不同的地域环境、民族文化等所引起的。本文是从地域、文化背景、思维视角等因素的阐释，，得出汉英语的人体隐喻的表达有所差异这个结论。希望通过本文的研究，对人体熟语和人体词汇的研究起到一定的帮助，对跨文化交际、词汇学、翻译学、对比语言学起到补充和发展作用。
[Abstract]:People know the world from simplicity to complexity, from concrete to abstract, through familiar things to know unknown things, this is the law of cognition. What is most familiar with human body is the human body itself. According to the position and function of human organs, it refers to the domain of things similar to these characteristics, abstract domain and other fields. In Chinglish, there are a large number of human vocabulary, which is the basis of metaphorical formation. Human physiological structure and physical experience are inevitably used to understand the objective world. Human metaphorical cognition is one of the basic ways of human cognition of the world. Metaphor, as a linguistic phenomenon, is an important form of human expression. The expression of language reflects the cognitive way of thinking. Therefore, language, thinking and metaphor are inseparable. The essence of human body metaphor is to explain other concept domains by human body domain. Human beings are the first to understand the objective world from the point of view of man himself. Recognition is the most direct way to understand things and the world. Human metaphor is the ancient people's understanding of their own analogy to the external world, reflecting the interaction between man and the world. Based on the relevant knowledge of cognitive linguistics, this paper analyzes the human body vocabulary and idioms in Chinese and English, and analyzes the similarities and differences of human metaphors in Chinese and English. To reveal the different national and cultural psychology behind the linguistic phenomenon and the causes. This article mainly from "head, face, heart, mouth, foot" five body parts to carry on the comparative study. Through comparative analysis, it is concluded that there are similarities and differences between Chinese and English human body metaphors. The main reason for the commonness is that Chinglish has a common physiological basis and a similar cognitive process, which is to understand and understand the world through physical experience. The difference is that the human metaphors used by different nationalities are deeply marked by culture, mainly reflected in the incongruity and vacancy. These differences are caused by different regional environment, national culture and so on. This paper draws a conclusion that there are differences in the expression of human metaphors in Chinese and English from the perspective of region, cultural background and thinking perspective. It is hoped that this study will be helpful to the study of human idioms and human vocabulary and complement and develop cross-cultural communication lexicology translation and contrastive linguistics.
【学位授予单位】：西安外国语大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H15;H315

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