目的论视角下电影片名的误译分析

发布时间：2018-07-01 19:32

本文选题：目的论 + 电影标题　；参考：《吉林大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着全球化的日益加速，越来越多的优秀外国电影被引进中国，电影翻译的重要性也相应地日益突显出来。电影标题翻译的质量对于影片在国内市场的宣传起到重要作用。电影标题是用简洁的语言对电影的内容和主题进行高度概括。它包含丰富的内容，是电影的精髓。在过去的三十年中，电影翻译方面的研究，特别是电影标题翻译研究，还没有得到相应的重视。因此，怎样翻译电影标题是非常值得研究。目的论是电影标题翻译的一种有效手段。功能目的论于20世纪70年代出现在德国。根据目的论，翻译是一种目的性行为，由四个原则指导，分别是目的原则、连贯原则、忠实原则和忠诚原则。最重要的是，翻译是一种不同文化交流的行为，必须将它置于文化背景下。与传统的翻译理论不同，译者可以自由地选择最适合的翻译策略来满足目的文本的预期目标，但是他们也不是完全地自由，忠诚原则限制他们的这种自由。按照目的论的要求，翻译的标准是适合性，而不是传统的对等性。目的论有四个指导性原则。目的原则被认为是最重要的翻译原则，它要求译者应该通过使用各种翻译策略尽力满足目标文本的目的。另外连贯原则和忠实原则从属于目的原则。连贯原则（文本内原则）要求目的文本对于接受者来说应该是有意义的，遵守接受者的文化习俗。忠实原则（跨文本原则）存在于源文本与目标文本之间，，而连贯原则连接的是源文本的翻译与翻译目的。以上所提到的目的论的三个原则涵盖了翻译的整个过程，而忠诚原则则是作为以上三个原则的一种补充。忠诚原则涉及的是译者、源文本的发送者、目的文本的接受者和传授者不同人之间的关系。本文根据布勒和雅各的语言功能理论，提出电影标题的四大功能：信息功能、文化功能、美学功能和商业功能。电影标题的基本功能是为观众提供有用的信息内容。电影标题常常带有浓厚的文化气息。好的电影标题翻译应该拥有艺术特色,可以引起观众的共鸣，传递美学信息，唤起观众的想象力并激起观众去看电影的欲望。对于引进的外国电影来说，电影标题的翻译就是电影的广告，对电影的票房起到决定性作用。这是决定电影能否在海外市场获得成功的关键性因素之一。众所周知，英语和汉语在语言表达、思维方式和文化内涵等方面有很大的不同，英汉电影标题也是一样，同样具有各自的特点。本文使用100个电影标题实例构建了一个小的数据库，并使用四种研究方法来分析这些语言数据，这四种方法分别是质和量的研究，共性和个性研究。根据数据的分析，本文得出一些结论。随着不同国家之间越来越多的文化交流，很多优秀的电影被引进国内，但是电影标题的翻译现状还不是很乐观的，误译的现象广泛地存在。总的来说那些误译的实例可以分为三种：文化误导、标题格式化和一名多译。电影标题的翻译就是两种文化的交流。源标题所承载的历史、地理、气候、政治、经济和道德风俗的不同是误译的主要原因。在翻译电影标题的过程中，仍存在过度追求标题的模式化的现象。同时电影市场也缺乏统一的管理,造成一部电影有很多种译名的现象。很多西方电影还没有在大陆影院上映，但在互联网上已经广泛地流行，译名也是各有千秋。电影标题误译的原因，主要阐释有三点：第一，译者缺少对于源语文化内涵的理解，甚至误解。如果译者没有意识到文化误解，就很可能造成标题误译。这就要求译者关注标题的文化内涵，并在目的语中重构译语的文化内涵。第二，电影译名的信息对目标受众来说是不可接受的。译者有时遇到不同国家间文化出现差异的情况，这种差异可能造成译名不被认可和接受。因此，在电影标题翻译的过程中译者为了避免造成文化误导，译者应该注意目标受众的接受性。第三，译者为满足电影片商过度的利益追求，造成片名误译。为了商业利益，一些电影标题翻译故设陷阱、放弃原则来迎合观众，这样就导致电影标题翻译与电影内容完全不相关。为了避免电影标题误译，译者应该严格遵守翻译的基本原则，适当采用有效的翻译策略，例如音译，直译，意译，创译，音译与意译的结合，直译与意译的结合。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of globalization, more and more excellent foreign films have been introduced to China, and the importance of film translation is increasingly highlighted. The quality of the translation of film titles plays an important role in the publicity of the film in the domestic market. The title of the film is a concise language for the content and theme of the film. The content of the film is the essence of the film. In the past thirty years, the research on film translation, especially the study of film title translation, has not been paid much attention. Therefore, it is very worthwhile to study how to translate the title of the film.
Functional skopostheology appeared in Germany in 1970s. According to skopos theory, translation is a kind of purposeful behavior, guided by four principles, namely, goal principle, coherence principle, loyalty principle and loyalty principle. Most importantly, translation is a cultural exchange behavior, which must be placed under cultural background. The translator can freely choose the most suitable translation strategies to meet the intended target of the target text, but they are not completely free, and the principle of loyalty restricts their freedom. According to the requirement of Skopos, the standard of translation is fitness, not the traditional equivalence. There are four guiding principles in skopos theory. Purpose principle It is considered as the most important principle of translation, which requires that the translator should try to satisfy the goal of the target text by using various translation strategies. The coherence principle and the principle of loyalty belong to the purpose principle. The coherence principle (in text principle) requires that the text of the purpose should be meaningful to the recipient and observe the cultural customs of the recipient. The principle of faithfulness (cross text principle) exists between the source text and the target text, and the coherence principle connects the translation and translation purposes of the source text. The three principles of the skopos theory mentioned above cover the whole process of translation, while the principle of loyalty is a supplement to the above three principles. The principle of loyalty involves the translator and the source. The relationship between the sender of the text, the receiver and the instructor of the target text.
According to the linguistic function theory of bulller and Jacob, this paper puts forward four functions of Film Title: information function, cultural function, aesthetic function and commercial function. The basic function of the film title is to provide useful information for the audience. The film title often carries a strong cultural interest. Good film title translation should have art special. Color, which can arouse the audience's resonance, convey aesthetic information, arouse the imagination of the audience and arouse the desire of the audience to see the film. For the imported foreign films, the translation of the title of the film is the advertisement of the film and plays a decisive role in the box office of the film. This is the key factor determining whether the electric shadow can succeed in the overseas market. It is well known that English and Chinese are very different in language expression, way of thinking and cultural connotations. English and Chinese film titles are the same, and they have their own characteristics.
This paper uses 100 Movie Title examples to build a small database and use four methods to analyze the language data. The four methods are qualitative and quantitative research, generality and personality research. According to data analysis, this paper draws some conclusions. With more and more cultural exchanges between different countries, a lot of excellence is made. The film is introduced into the country, but the current situation of the translation of the title of the film is not very optimistic. The phenomenon of mistranslation exists widely. In general, the cases of mistranslation can be divided into three kinds: Cultural misleading, title formatting and one multi translation. The translation of the title of the film is the exchange of two cultures. The history, geography, and climate of the headlines The difference between political, economic and moral customs is the main reason for mistranslation. In the process of translating the title of the film, there is still a phenomenal phenomenon in which the title is overly pursued. Meanwhile, the film market lacks unified management, resulting in many kinds of translation of the film. Many western films have not been shown on the mainland cinema yet, but on the Internet It is widely popular, and the translated names are also different.
There are three main reasons for the misinterpretation of the film title: first, the translator is short of understanding and misunderstanding of the cultural connotation of the source language. If the translator does not realize the cultural misunderstanding, it is likely to cause the misinterpretation of the title. This requires the translator to pay attention to the cultural connotation of the title and reconstruct the cultural connotations of the target language in the language. Second, film translation. The translator is not acceptable to the target audience. Translators sometimes encounter cultural differences between different countries. This difference may not be recognized and accepted. Therefore, the translator should pay attention to the acceptability of the target audience in order to avoid cultural misguidance in the process of film title translation. Third, translators. In order to satisfy the excessive interests of the film makers, it causes the Mistranslation of the film titles. For the sake of commercial interests, the translation of some movie titles is set up in the trap, giving up the principle to cater to the audience, which leads to the complete unrelated content of the film title translation. In order to avoid the mismistranslation of the film title, the translators should strictly observe the basic principles of translation and appropriate adoption. Effective translation strategies, such as transliteration, literal translation, free translation, creative translation, transliteration and free translation, and the combination of literal translation and free translation.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H059

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