现代汉语物体名词研究

发布时间：2018-07-14 11:20

【摘要】：本文以日常生活中常见的物体名词为研究对象，主要涉及了物体名词的构造类型、成词规律和物体名词的整合以及语序先后等问题。物体名词成词的功用在于命名，而命名是满足于人类精确认知世界的需要而产生的。物体的命名不是随机的、任意的，也不是习惯的、约定的。它是人类早期认知世界的反映。物体名词的成词存在着一个选择机制，而正是借助于选择机制，物体名词的表达才能够精确区分同类中类似的事物。物体名词成词需要物体本身的百科知识的帮助。选择机制就是在物体的百科知识中选取具有最能凸显物体特征的语素，构成物体名词。选择机制的存在不仅构造了汉语中最基本的名词结构——双音节名词，而且还为物体名词的丰富提供了相当灵活的形式。而形成物体名词的选择机制来源人类最初认识世界的认知方式，即事物之间的常规关系，主要体现在相邻、接触与相似的关系上，早期的世界就是以这些最基本的方式呈现在人类面前，而这也正是人类造词的最基本的根据。物体名词的成词过程并不是两个基本单位的两两相加，它要求人们以整合的态度去看待物体名词的成词。整合机制不仅使得物体名词的成词严密、精确、精简，更使得物体名词在成词方面可以大批的存在，使无限的物体得以用有限的词语来表达、指称。物体名词的形成不仅有选择上的根据，还有语序先后的考虑。语序先后反映了人类认知客观世界和规律的基本顺序。物体名词的成词不仅普遍的体现在现代汉语的普通话中，而且还广泛的存在于方言、外语、新词、以及专业性词汇当中。物体名词是名词范畴整体中的一个组成部分。从物体名词的成词构造与规律出发，，可以发现其他类的名词也可以从物体名词的构造与成词中受到启发。从本文的论述过程中，略微可以窥见一斑。
[Abstract]:This paper takes the common object nouns in daily life as the research object, mainly involves the construction type of the object nouns, the rules of word formation and the integration of the object nouns, as well as the word order and so on. The function of the object noun is to name, and the nomenclature is to satisfy the need of human being to recognize the world accurately. The naming of objects is not random, arbitrary, or customary. It is a reflection of early human cognition of the world. There is a selection mechanism in the word formation of an object noun, and it is with the help of the selection mechanism that the expression of the object noun can accurately distinguish the similar things in the same class. Object nouns need the help of the encyclopedic knowledge of the object itself. The selection mechanism is to select the morpheme which can highlight the features of the object in the encyclopedic knowledge of the object and make up the object noun. The existence of the selection mechanism not only constructs the most basic noun structure in Chinese-the two-syllable noun, but also provides a flexible form for the enrichment of the object noun. The selection mechanism of the object nouns originates from the way of cognition of the world, that is, the conventional relationship between things, which is mainly embodied in the relationship between neighbor, contact and similarity. The early world was presented to mankind in these most basic ways, and this is the most basic basis for human words. The process of word formation of object nouns is not the addition of two basic units, it requires people to treat the words of object nouns in an integrated manner. The integration mechanism not only makes the word formation of the object nouns strict, accurate and concise, but also makes the object nouns exist in large numbers in the word formation, so that the infinite objects can be expressed with limited words and references. The formation of object nouns has not only the basis of choice, but also the consideration of word order. Word order reflects the basic order of human cognition of objective world and law. The formative words of object nouns are not only generally reflected in modern Chinese Mandarin, but also widely exist in dialects, foreign languages, new words, and professional vocabulary. An object noun is an integral part of the noun category as a whole. Starting from the construction and regularity of the word formation of the object noun, it can be found that other kinds of nouns can also be inspired by the construction and the word formation of the object noun. From the process of this article, we can see a little spot.
【学位授予单位】：江西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146

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