《“青春期”撞上更年期》中的冲突性话语分析

发布时间：2018-07-14 11:31

【摘要】：社会中存在着各种各样的冲突。在日常语言交际中，人们有时可以做到求同存异，以一种宽容的心态接纳他人的观点；有时，却恰恰相反，只一味的固守自己的看法，不能容纳他人的语言、行为、思想和习惯，从而产生话语冲突。冲突性话语是一种不和谐的语言现象，应该予以避免、弱化至终止。冲突性话语有狭义和广义之分。狭义指某种言语行为，广义指一个言语交流过程。作为一种非常普遍但是及其复杂的社会语言现象，冲突性话语在各个年龄群体中均会发生，其研究也已经广泛深入众多领域。然而，在目前国内外的研究中，有关青年期和更年期两个群体间冲突性话语的探究几乎没有。当处于“青春滞后期”还未成熟的青年人与更年期敏感的中年人相逢时，他们之间的交流往往不是很顺利，冲突性话语频繁发生。本文主要基于言语行为理论和不礼貌理论，从大陆电视剧《“青春期”撞上更年期》中收集语料，在中国传统文化背景下结合两个群体所处的特殊生命阶段的固有特点和社会心理特征，对冲突性话语进行定性和定量的语用分析。从而，对冲突性话语探究的范围和内容进行扩展和丰富。鉴于冲突性话语的序列结构特点，本文对剧中126个冲突对话按照起始、发展和终止三个序列进行分析，其中起始部分作为重点分析序列。起始和发展序列主要分析触发冲突的言语行为和冲突回应。总的来看，冲突性话语大多由中年人触发。三类主要的触发言语行为有指责、断言和要求。其中，指责占有最高比例，达38.1%，其它分别占34.9%、18.3%。据不礼貌理论中的冲突回应框架，与此处触发冲突的三类不礼貌言语行为相对应的攻击性反驳中，否定和否定加解释各占39.1%，是占有较高比例的两种主要形式。这种回应方式往往加剧冲突。辩护性反驳则主要包括解释和反问两种形式，分别占65.8%和74.2%。由于此回应方式中有较直接和较间接两种反驳形式，因此，辩护性反驳可能加剧也可能弱化冲突。通常，中年人由于具有年龄身份和权势的优势，会经常使用攻击性反驳。而处于青年期的年轻人，由于言行易情绪化，他们有时也会选择辩护性反驳中相对直接的具有攻击性的反问形式。但身为晚辈，他们的言行还是受到了根深蒂固的中华传统文化的影响，即倾向于选择比较间接的辩护性回应，提供一些理由来缓和对抗以示对长辈的尊重。有些冲突性话语终止前并没有冲突升级的发展阶段，这些只占约16.7%。在结束序列中，冲突性话语终止的形式有六种：不分胜负式、第三方涉入式、一方妥协式、话题转换式、非言语退出式和幽默表达式。其中，不分胜负式占最高比例，达42.6%。由于两个群体在冲突中往往各执己见，不能以一种科学有效的方式进行和解，因此，双方不分胜负，冲突经常被搁置。其原因与他们的群体性特点是密不可分的。其次，第三方涉入式占37%。因为本文所研究的冲突性话语大都发生在在家庭这个场景，所以，其他家庭成员的介入不可避免。最后，一方妥协式占20.4%。尽管家庭冲突不可避免，，但绝大多数中国人有着较强的维护家庭稳定的观念。冲突的一方或双方一般会主动妥协消解冲突。家长和孩子之间总是存在着一定的代沟和不可避免的冲突。和谐的家庭关系胜过一切，这是双方都应该牢记在心的一个观念。彼此应该学会在互相尊重和信任的基础上进行有效的协调进而和解冲突。
[Abstract]:There are various conflicts in society. In the daily language communication, people can sometimes seek common ground and save differences, accept others' views with a tolerant attitude; sometimes, on the contrary, only stick to their own views, and can not hold other people's language, behavior, thought and habit, thus creating conflict of discourse. It is a disharmonious language phenomenon, which should be avoided and weakened to the end.
Conflict discourse has a narrow and broad sense. Narrow meaning refers to a kind of speech act, which refers to a process of speech communication. As a very common but complex social language phenomenon, Conflict Discourse occurs in all ages and has been widely studied in many fields. However, in the current domestic and foreign research, There are few researches on Conflict Discourse between two groups of youth and menopause.
When young people who are still immature in the late period of youth meet with the sensitive middle-aged men of menopause, the communication between them is often not very smooth and the Conflict Discourse occurs frequently. This article is based on the theory of speech act and the impolite theory. In the context of cultural background, it combines the inherent characteristics and social psychological characteristics of the special life stages of the two groups to hedge the qualitative and quantitative pragmatic analysis of the discursive discourse, thus expanding and enriching the scope and content of the inquiry of hedging utterance.
In view of the sequence structure characteristics of the conflict discourse, this paper analyzes the 126 conflict dialogues in the play according to the beginning, development and termination of the three sequences, in which the starting part is the key analysis sequence.
The initial and development sequences mainly analyze the verbal and conflict responses that trigger conflicts. In general, most of the conflict discourse is triggered by middle-aged people. The three main types of trigger speech acts are accusations, assertions and requirements. Among them, the highest proportion of accusations, 38.1%, and the other 34.9%, and 18.3%. according to the conflict response framework in the impolite theory, In the offensive refutation of the three types of impolite speech acts triggered by the conflict, the negative and negative plus explanation accounts for 39.1%, which is the two main form of a higher proportion. This response tends to aggravate the conflict. The defense refutation mainly includes two forms of interpretation and refutation, accounting for 65.8% and 74.2%., respectively, due to the response party. There are more direct and more indirect forms of Refutation in the formula, so the defensive refutation may be exacerbated and may weaken the conflict. Usually, the middle-aged people often use aggressive rebuttal because of their age and power, and young people in the youth period are sometimes chosen as the opposite of the defensive rebuttal because of their easy feelings. Direct and aggressive rhetorical form, but as a later generation, their words and deeds are influenced by the deep-rooted traditional Chinese culture, which tend to choose a more indirect defense response and provide some reasons to mitigate the respect of the elders. There are only six forms of terminating 16.7%. in the end sequence: the terminating of conflict discourse, third party involvement, one party compromise, topic conversion, nonverbal withdrawal, and humorous expression. Among them, the highest percentage is the highest, reaching 42.6%. because the two groups tend to have their own views in the conflict and cannot be one of them. A scientific and effective way to reconcile, therefore, the two sides are not divided, and conflicts are often shelved. The reasons are inseparable from their group characteristics. Secondly, the third party involvement is 37%. because the Conflict Discourse studied in this article is mostly in the family scene, so the intervention of other family members is inevitable. After that, a compromise in the 20.4%., although the family conflict is inevitable, the overwhelming majority of Chinese people have a strong sense of maintaining family stability. One or both of the conflicts will generally compromise to dissolve the conflict.
There is always a certain generation gap and inevitable conflict between parents and children. A harmonious family relationship is better than everything. This is an idea that both sides should keep in mind. We should learn to coordinate effectively and reconcile the conflict on the basis of mutual respect and trust.
【学位授予单位】：曲阜师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H13

【引证文献】