《孟子》介词研究

发布时间：2018-07-15 09:24

【摘要】：介词是汉语语法体系中非常重要的一类虚词，尽管它本身没有实在的词汇义，但在汉语中联结句法成分，表达相应的语法和语义关系方面，发挥着重要作用。本文力求通过对《孟子》一书中的介词进行穷尽的、量化的、静态的描写与分析，展现其在语义、语法、语用诸方面的特点。本文以《孟子》为对象，运用静态描写法、归纳分析法和系统研究等方法进行研究。首先利用专门的计算机软件以统一的标准对介词进行一次穷尽的、定量的调查，确立了《孟子》共有22个介词，从而形成了一个完整的介词表述系统。根据介词引进的宾语所表达的语义把介词分为8大类。按照语义功能进行分类研究。因为介词不能独立作句法成分，而且与宾语的关系十分紧密，所以本文不仅考察了介词本身，对如介词宾语的构成情况等与介词相关的成分也进行了逐一的调查。然后介绍介宾结构的语法功能，分别对其作状语、补语的情况进行探讨。在对《孟子》中介词及介宾结构进行逐一描写的基础上，，对调查结果进行归纳总结，分析各个介词的量及其分布情况，从一角展现出战国中期介词使用情况。以联系的观点系统地研究，分析其各种功能和所处位置，发现那一时代汉语语序上的一些特点，对于这些现实存在的语言特点进行理论思考，探索介词组合能力及位置演变的规律。
[Abstract]:Preposition is a very important type of function word in the Chinese grammatical system. Although it does not have its own lexical meaning, it plays an important role in combining syntactic components and expressing corresponding grammatical and semantic relations in Chinese. This paper tries to make an exhaustive, quantitative and static description and analysis through the prepositions in the book of Mencius. It is characterized by its semantic, grammatical and pragmatic aspects.
This article takes Mencius as the object, uses the static description method, the inductive analysis method and the system research method to carry on the research. First, use the special computer software to carry on a exhaustive and quantitative investigation to the preposition with the unified standard, and establish a total of 22 prepositions of Mencius, thus forming a complete preposition system. The semantics expressed by the introduced object divides the prepositions into 8 categories. The prepositions are classified according to the semantic functions. Because the prepositions can not be used as syntactic components independently and are closely related to the object, this paper not only investigates the prepositions themselves, but also investigates the components related to prepositions, such as the composition of prepositional objects. Secondly, it introduces the grammatical function of the object structure, and discusses the adverbial and complements respectively.
On the basis of the description of Mencius and the mediator and the structure of the BM, the results are summarized, the quantity and distribution of the prepositions are analyzed, and the use of prepositions in the middle of the Warring States is shown from one corner. The characteristics of these realistic languages are theoretically considered, and the rules of prepositional combination ability and position evolution are explored.
【学位授予单位】：黑龙江大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H141

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