泰国汉语专业四年级学生程度副词偏误研究

发布时间：2018-07-16 18:59

【摘要】：程度副词是汉语副词中重要的一类,它是汉语教学的一个重点,也是外国学生汉语习得中的一个难点。在对外汉语教学中,怎样才能提高学习者学习程度副词的效率?本文以泰语为参照对象,对这一课题进行了研究。论文根据《汉语水平词汇等级大纲》里的35个程度副词,从汉泰语义、句法、语用方面进行了对比,归纳总结出汉泰程度副词使用的相同、不同之处。汉泰程度副词的相同之处共有三点：汉泰程度副词都带有主观性和客观性,虽然泰语没有分相对程度副词与绝对程度副词,但是也像汉语一样含有主观性或客观性；汉泰程度副词都不可以修饰重叠形容词；汉泰程度副词都可以修饰名词。汉泰程度副词的不同之处则较多,共有十点：汉语程度副词的“稍、稍微、略微”一般跟数量词作补语,但泰语的程度副词除了“(?)”(很)之外都不能再附加；虽然泰语程度副词与汉语一样可以充当状语,但是形式不同；汉语程度副词分能否修饰褒义词或贬义词,但是泰语没有,大部分都能修饰；汉语程度副词只有相对程度副词可以用于比较句,而泰语程度副词一般都能用于比较句；汉语程度副词对一些修饰形容词的数量有一定的限制,但是泰语程度副词中没有限制；汉语程度副词“稍、稍微、略微”不能修饰心理动词,但是泰语程度副词没有这样的限制；虽然汉泰程度副词都可以再与另外一个程度副词连用,但是它们可以一起使用的程度副词不一样；汉语几个程度副词能与泰语的一个程度副词对应；一些汉泰程度副词可以叠加使用,但是所可叠加的词不同,汉语程度副词重叠使用有“非常、顶”,泰语有“(?)(很)、(?)(真)”；虽然汉泰程度副词都可以单独用来答话,但是汉语比较有限制,只有“有点儿”,泰语中可以单独回答问话比较多。为进一步探讨泰国学生使用程度副词的偏误情况,本文通过问卷调查了来自三所泰国大学(艺术大学、法政大学、农业大学)的九十名泰国汉语专业四年级学生,对其练习中出现的偏误语料进行了分析。分析结果表明,学生使用35个程度副词的偏误情况,偏误率从低到高排序的结果如下：极、最、比较、特别、好、较、尤其、更、极其、太、更加、十分、挺、真、不大、过于、稍、非常、有点儿、很、万分、极度、多么、还、稍微、格外、过、有些、多、顶、略微、何等、分外、怪、颇。泰国学生出现的偏误类型分为四类：遗漏、误加、误代与错序,其中误代出现最多,比例为65.64%,其次是误加,占18.70%,遗漏情况占8.77%,最少的偏误类是错序,占比例6.87%。接着,本文根据调查所得的学生偏误情况,结合作者日常教学的实践经验,总结出偏误产生的原因：程度副词的自身复杂性、母语对第二语言的负迁移、目的语知识负迁移及教学因素。最后,为了能对泰国学习者的汉语学习与教学有帮助,本文提出了一些程度副词的学习与教学建议。本文通过第一手语料进行分析泰国汉语专业四年级学生的程度副词偏误情况,主要采用问卷调查收集语料,同时以平时练习为语料辅助,进行总结泰国汉语专业四年级学生出现程度副词的偏误情况,找出偏误原因及规律,帮助学生更好地学习汉语,对他们有应用的价值。
[Abstract]:Degree adverb is an important class of Chinese adverbs. It is a key point in Chinese teaching and a difficult point in the acquisition of Chinese in foreign students. How can we improve the efficiency of the learners' learning degree adverbs in teaching Chinese as a foreign language? This paper studies the subject with Thai as the reference object.
According to the 35 degree adverbs in the Chinese level vocabulary syllabus, the thesis makes a comparison of the semantic, syntactic and pragmatic aspects of Han Tai, and sums up the similarities and differences in the use of the adverbs of Han Tai degree adverbs. There are three points in the similarities of the degree adverbs of Hantai and Thailand: both the degree of Han Tai's adverbs are subjective and objectivity, although there are no points in the Thai language. The relative degree adverb and the absolute adverb, but also have subjectivity or objectivity like Chinese; the adverbs of Han Tai degree adverbs can not modify the superimposed adjectives; the adverbs of Han Tai degree adverbs can modify nouns. There are more differences between Han Tai adverbs and ten points: the "slightly, slightly, slightly" of the degree adverbs of Chinese are generally followed. A quantitative word is a complement, but the degree adverb of the Thai language can not be added in addition to "(?)"; although the degree adverb of the Thai degree can act as a adverbial, but the form is different, the Chinese degree adverb can modify the commendatory or derogatory words, but the Thai does not have, most of which can be modified; the degree adverb of Chinese is only relative. The degree adverb can be used in the comparative sentence, and the degree adverb of the Thai can generally be used in the comparative sentence; the degree adverb of the Chinese degree is limited to some modifier adjectives, but there is no restriction in the degree adverb of the Thai; the Chinese Degree Adverb "slightly, slightly, slightly" can not trim the psychological verb, but the degree adverb of the Thai is not like this Although the degree adverbs of the degree of Han and Thailand can be used again with another degree adverb, but they can be used together with the degree adverb not the same; several degree adverbs in Chinese can correspond to a degree adverb in the Thai language; some Han Thai adverbs can be used superimposed, but the superposition of the words is different and the degree adverb of the Chinese degree is different. The overlapped use is "very, top", and Thai has "(?)" (true); although the adverbs of Han and Thai can be used alone, the Chinese are limited, only "a little", and the Chinese can answer more and more questions in the Thai language.
In order to further explore the errors of adverbs of degree adverbs used by Thailand students, this paper investigates ninety Thailand Chinese majors from three Thailand universities (University of the Arts, law and Administration University and Kasetsart University) by questionnaire, and analyses the errors in their exercises. The results show that students use 35 degree pairs. The result of the error of the word, the result of the error rate from low to high, is as follows: the extreme, the most, the special, the better, the more, the extreme, the too, the very, the true, the little, the slight, the very, the very, the extreme, the extreme, the more, the more, the top, the slightly, what, the strange, the mistaken types of the students of Thailand. It is divided into four categories: omission, misuse, misrepresentation and misorder, among which the misrepresentation is the most, the proportion is 65.64%, the second is the mistake, accounting for 18.70%, the omission is 8.77%, the least error category is the wrong order, and the proportion is 6.87%.. The complexity of the degree adverb, the negative transfer of the mother tongue to the second language, the negative transfer of the target language knowledge and the teaching factors. Finally, in order to help the learners of Thailand in Chinese learning and teaching, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the study and teaching of some degree adverbs.
This paper analyzes the errors of degree adverbs of the grade four students of Thailand Chinese majors through the first sign language materials, mainly using the questionnaire survey to collect the corpus, and at the same time, with the help of the normal practice as the corpus, to summarize the errors of the adverbs of the degree adverbs of the four grade students of Chinese language major, to find out the reasons for the errors and to help the students better. Learning Chinese is valuable to them.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

【参考文献】