回族语言底层与回族历史文化传承

发布时间：2018-07-25 09:58

【摘要】：《回族语言文化》是本刊特邀顾问杨占武先生新近出版的一部著作。作者关注回族语言文化业已经年,1996年即出版过同名的著作。在此基础上,作者通过实地调查和对文献材料的钩沉,对回族语言的特征进行了翔实的描写,对回族语言的历史人文内涵作了深入的挖掘,提出了一系列富有启迪的见解。比如,作者认为回族先民的语言消亡年代为元末明初,当代回族口语中的一些独具特点的词语如"做逊奈"等在元代已经出现;回族的语言既是对汉语的选择和运用也是对汉语的重新塑造,一些独特的、表达伊斯兰文化的汉语词语在回族话中的"定植",标志着伊斯兰文化中国化的转型;伊斯兰教自唐代传入中国后,在相当长的时间里,汉语言面对这种异质的文化显现出一种表达的困难,这种语词的困境至明中叶后得到突破,一些涉及回族最深层次宗教文化心理的汉语词语被创造出来;语词的分野即是文化的界限,一些汉语的词语自从被赋予回族伊斯兰文化的内容后,便从汉语共同语中退缩出来,甚至从汉语方言中退缩出来,为回族话所"垄断",比如,"清真"一词是回族从佛、道等其他宗教的术语中借用的,但结果却被垄断,其他宗教反而"力避清真之说";阿拉伯语、波斯语、突厥语、蒙古语各种语汇在回族语言中共存的状况,不仅蕴含着文化的浸润、渗透,也暗示着人种、族源的来历信息;同一方言区内部回汉方言所存在的差别,显示出回族的民族认同以及与汉文化的"别同"心理;回族经堂语的实质是伊斯兰教汉语,其可能发轫于元明官话系统,是回族的"准通语""准文学语言",等等。该书既广采全国各地回族语言的实际材料,又着眼于历史学、文化学的思辨,严谨而饶有兴味。《回族语言文化》出版后产生了好的影响。《中国新闻出版报》、《宁夏日报》、《新消息报》、《银川晚报》等分别刊发了消息和评论文章,《人民日报》3月26日第8版刊发了杨怀中先生的书评。经征得作者同意,本刊摘发该书第五章的其中两节以飨读者。为使文气连贯,我们并请作者从文字上做了一些处理。
[Abstract]:Hui language and Culture is a newly published book by Mr. Yang Zhanwu, a specially invited consultant of the Journal. The author has been concerned about the language and culture of the Hui nationality for years and published a book of the same name in 1996. On this basis, the author, through field investigation and literature review, describes the characteristics of the Hui language in detail, deeply excavates the historical and humanistic connotation of the Hui language, and puts forward a series of enlightening opinions. For example, the author thinks that the language of the Hui ancestors died out in the late Yuan and early Ming dynasties, and some unique words in the contemporary spoken language of Hui nationality, such as "Dasonai", have already appeared in Yuan Dynasty. The language of Hui nationality is not only the choice and application of Chinese language, but also the remolding of Chinese language. Some unique Chinese words and expressions expressing Islamic culture are "established" in Hui dialect, marking the transformation of Islamic culture in China. After Islam was introduced into China in the Tang Dynasty, for quite a long time, the Chinese language, faced with this kind of heterogeneous culture, showed a difficulty in expression, and the predicament of this word was broken through after the middle of the Ming Dynasty. Some Chinese words involving the deepest religious and cultural psychology of the Hui people have been created; the division of words is the boundary of culture; some Chinese words have retreated from the Chinese common language since they were given the content of the Islamic culture of the Hui nationality. They even retreated from Chinese dialects and were "monopolized" by the Hui dialect. For example, the term "halal" was borrowed by the Hui people from the terms of Buddhism, Taoism, and other religions, but the result was monopolized. Instead, other religions "tried to avoid the theory of halal truth"; Arabic. The coexistence of various languages of Persian, Turkic and Mongolian in the Hui language not only contains the infiltration of culture, but also implies the origin and information of ethnic and ethnic origin; the differences in Hui and Han dialects within the same dialect region. It shows the national identity of the Hui nationality and the "different identical" psychology with the Han culture, and the essence of the Hui Jingtang language is Islamic Chinese, which may originate from the Yuan and Ming official dialect system, and is the "quasi-Tong language" and the "quasi-literary language" of the Hui nationality, and so on. The book not only draws on the actual materials of the Hui languages throughout the country, but also focuses on the historical and cultural speculation. After the publication of "Hui language and Culture", it had a good impact. "China News and Publishing Journal", "Ningxia Daily", "Xin Yi Yi Bao" and "Yinchuan Evening News" respectively published news and commentary articles, < People's Daily > March 26, etc. Mr. Yang Huazhong's book review was published in the 8th edition of the day. With the consent of the author, two sections of the fifth chapter of the book are presented to the reader. In order to make the style coherent, we also asked the author to do some processing on the text.
【作者单位】：宁夏社会科学界联合会;
【分类号】：K28;H2

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