学术研究话语中的引用：硕士论文和期刊文章的比较研究

发布时间：2018-07-27 19:11

【摘要】：恰当地引用前人研究是成功的学术写作必不可缺的一部分。来自不同研究领域的学者都曾对引用行为做过研究。尽管引用对于学术写作的重要性不可小觑,但是在教学中引用并未引起足够的重视,英语学习者在有策略地准确使用引用时还面临很多困难。此研究旨在描述当前中国高水平英语学习者运用引用的现状,以期为寻找合适有效的引用教学、习得方法奠定基础。具体来说,本研究综合了Swales (1990),Hyland(1999a)和Petric (2007)对于引用的分类,从形式和功能两大方面记录了由中国高水平英语学习者所完成的硕士毕业论文和由国外学者所撰写并公开发表的期刊文章在引用运用上的异同。所选取的论文均来自应用语言学领域。数据分析发现,硕士论文中的引用使用情况在形式和功能方面都与期刊文章有较大差异。硕士论文虽然在引用使用的绝对数量上占明显优势,但其每万字的引用频次小于期刊文章,特别是在引言、方法和结论章节。虽然两组文本中出现频次最高的都是非融入型引用,但是此类引用在期刊文章中出现频次比硕士论文高一倍。两组在融入型引用及其下分类的使用上差别不明显,表明学生对此类引用的掌握水平较高。在引用的呈现形式上,研究发现单源概要在硕士论文及期刊文章中出现最频繁,引语段最少。两个对比语料库在多源归纳与简单引语的使用上差异对大,硕士论文在二者使用频率上明显低于期刊文章。硕士论文的这种倾向于单源概要表明英语学习者更喜欢单个处理参考文献,也暗示他们在从多文献中提炼信息的能力上相对薄弱。在功能分类上,归源功能被使用得最多,而评价功能最少。评价几乎只在文献综述部分出现,应用和使用在方法论部分出现,而建立自已文章与他人文章联系的功能在结果与讨论部分出现。硕士论文中例证、查阅、应用、建立参考文献间联系等功能及多功能的密度无论在整篇文本中还是在各章节中都比在期刊文章中低的多。该研究在分析各功能分类在各章节中的分布时发现,除了应用、使用和建立自已文章与他人文章联系的功能外,其他各分类都集中出现在文献综述部分；应用和使用、建立自己文章与他人文章联系的功能分别最常出现在方法论、结果与讨论和结论部分。本研究还发现学生在引用使用上存在一些困难,这说明学生的引用学习不应该被放任自由,学术英语教师应该在此方面承担责任,在训练学生的引用能力方面扮演好自己的角色。
[Abstract]:Proper reference to previous studies is an indispensable part of successful academic writing. Scholars from different fields have studied citation behavior. Although the importance of citation to academic writing cannot be underestimated, it has not attracted enough attention in teaching, and English learners still face many difficulties in using references strategically and accurately. The purpose of this study is to describe the current situation of the use of citations by high level English learners in China in order to lay a foundation for finding appropriate and effective methods of citation teaching and acquisition. Specifically, the classification of citations by Swales (1990) Hyland (1999a) and Petric (2007) was synthesized. This paper records the similarities and differences in the citation and application of the master's thesis written by Chinese advanced English learners and the periodical articles written and published publicly by foreign scholars from the aspects of form and function. The selected papers come from the field of applied linguistics. The data analysis shows that the use of citations in master thesis is different from that in periodical articles in form and function. Although the absolute number of citations in master thesis is obvious, the frequency of citation per ten thousand words is less than that of periodical articles, especially in the chapter of introduction, method and conclusion. Although the two groups of texts have the highest frequency of non-inclusion references, the frequency of such citations in journal articles is twice as high as that in master's papers. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the use of inclusion citation and its lower classification, which indicated that the students had a high level of mastery of such citations. In the form of citation, it is found that single source summary appears most frequently in master thesis and periodical article, and the citation segment is the least. The use of multi-source induction and simple quotation is different between the two comparative corpus, and the frequency of use of master thesis is obviously lower than that of periodical articles. This tendency to single source summary of master's thesis indicates that English learners prefer to process reference documents individually and also imply that their ability to extract information from multiple documents is relatively weak. In functional classification, the source function is used most, and the evaluation function is the least. Evaluation appears almost only in literature review, application and use in methodology, and the function of establishing contact between one's own article and other articles appears in the result and discussion part. The functions of examples, reference, application, reference, and multifunctional density are much lower in the whole text and in each chapter than in the periodical articles. In analyzing the distribution of functional classifications in each chapter, the study found that, in addition to applying, using and establishing the function of connecting their own articles with others' articles, the other classifications were concentrated in the literature review section, applied and used. The function of establishing contact between one's own articles and others' articles is most frequently found in methodology, results and discussion, and conclusion respectively. This study also finds that there are some difficulties in the use of citations, which indicates that students' citation learning should not be allowed to be free, and academic English teachers should bear the responsibility in this respect. To play a good role in training students'citation ability.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H052

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