人际功能在中英文政治演讲中的对比研究

发布时间：2018-07-28 16:57

【摘要】：人际功能是韩礼德系统功能语法中的重要部分，在语篇中反映的是话语基调，主要通过情态系统，，语气系统和人称系统来体现。人际功能关注语篇的作者和语篇的读者之间的互动关系、说话人是如何通过言语来表达自己的观点和态度并影响听者的态度和行为。不同的文化和社会背景使得语言在人际功能的实现方式是不同的。政治演讲是国家领导者或政党的代表在公众场合发表对国家的内政事务和对国外的关系的立场，观点和看法的重要手段，是政党用来宣传自己的施政纲领，以及对外宣传自己国家形象的一个重要工具。它们往往是精心组织的，文章的结构和选词常常有一定的特色。通过对中英文政治语篇的人际功能研究，可以发现演讲者是怎样用语言来实现自己演讲目的和以及权利的运用的，同时在演说中如何建立相应的人际角色。本文尝试将系统功能语法的人际功能理论应用到政治语篇的分析中，以中美两国最高领导人在5种不同场合所做的10次演讲为语料（演讲所涉及的领域包括教育、新年致辞、经济和对外关系）。通过统计这10篇演讲稿中的语气、情态和人称代词的使用情况，分析人际功能在中英文政治演讲中的实现手段的差别，从而探讨中美两国首脑如何通过语言来行使自己的职权并达到演讲的目的。研究表明，在情态系统中，英语政治演讲情态词的出现频率要高于在中文政治演讲的出现频率，英语演讲者更倾向于用情态词用来表达自己的决心、目的和态度；中英文演讲都倾向用高情态值的情态词。在语气系统方面，英文语气类型的使用种类相比中文演讲要更加丰富，表现在英文演讲会采用陈述、疑问和祈使这三种语气，而中文演讲则倾向于对陈述和祈使语气的使用。在人称系统中，英文的人称代词使用数量要超过同类型的中文语篇，在人称代词类型的使用上也比中文语篇中更加多样。综合上述三方面，英语的政治演讲在人际功能实现的方法上更加丰富多样并富于变化。
[Abstract]:Interpersonal function is an important part of the functional grammar of Halliday system, which reflects the discourse tone in the discourse, mainly through the modal system, the mood system and the person system. Interpersonal function focuses on the interaction between the author of the text and the reader of the text, and how the speaker expresses his views and attitudes through words and influences the attitude and behavior of the listener. Different cultural and social backgrounds make the realization of language in interpersonal function different. Political speeches are important means by which political leaders or representatives of political parties speak in public about the internal affairs of the country and its relations with foreign countries, and are used by political parties to publicize their own political agendas. And an important tool for publicizing the image of his country. They are often carefully organized, and the structure and choice of words often have certain characteristics. By studying the interpersonal functions of Chinese and English political discourses, we can find out how the speakers use language to realize their own purpose and use of their rights, and at the same time, how to establish the corresponding interpersonal roles in their speeches. This paper attempts to apply the interpersonal function theory of systemic functional grammar to the analysis of political discourse, using 10 speeches made by the top leaders of China and the United States on 5 different occasions. Economy and external relations) Based on the statistics of the mood, modality and personal pronouns in the ten speeches, the differences of interpersonal functions in Chinese and English political speeches are analyzed. To explore how Chinese and American heads of state to use their language to exercise their authority and achieve the purpose of the speech. The results show that in the modal system, the frequency of modal words in English political speech is higher than that in Chinese political speech, and English speakers are more inclined to use modal words to express their determination, purpose and attitude. Both Chinese and English speakers tend to use modal words with high modal values. In the aspect of mood system, the use of English mood type is more abundant than that of Chinese speech, which is manifested in that English speech adopts three kinds of tone: statement, doubt and imperative, while Chinese speech tends to use statement and imperative tone. In the personal system, the number of personal pronouns used in English is higher than that in Chinese texts of the same type, and the use of personal pronouns is more diverse than that in Chinese discourses. Combined with the above three aspects, the political speech in English is more diverse and varied in the methods of interpersonal function realization.
【学位授予单位】：天津大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H15;H315

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