从文化语境角度对比研究英汉隐喻

发布时间：2018-07-31 07:33

【摘要】：近年来，隐喻已成为语言研究领域中最热门的话题之一。隐喻研究在学术界掀起了一阵热潮，人们分别从语言学、心理学、哲学、认知学等方面对隐喻进行研究。然而，我们不能忽视隐喻也是一种普遍的话语现象，人们在日常生活中每时每刻都在使用大量的隐喻。因此，正确地理解隐喻以及恰当地使用隐喻也是一门学问。本文主要试图从文化语境角度来研究隐喻，着重分析文化语境对英汉隐喻理解的影响，进而比较英语和汉语中隐喻的相似点和不同点。这里所指的文化语境是广义上的概念，包含自然环境、社会习俗和传统、宗教信仰、思维模式、价值体系等。而支持这些理论所运用的例子都是生动的、典型的、贴近人们日常生活的，希望会给读者带来亲切感，进而在读者中产生共鸣，这样更容易理解论文中所涉及的理论。本文由导论、正文和结论三部分组成。第一部分是导论。导论部分对隐喻在不同领域内的国内外研究现状进行简要介绍，提出本论文所要解决的问题及现实意义。该部分主要介绍隐喻在语用学领域、语用认知领域的研究现状。第二部分是正文，分为三章：第一章主要介绍语境和文化语境的知识，着重分析隐喻与文化语境的关系。弗斯、韩礼德、斯波伯、威尔逊等专家对语境都有各自的认识和定义，从中我们可以获知判断隐喻和理解隐喻都离不开语境，而文化语境对隐喻有着重要的影响,进而影响着人们对隐喻的理解。本章首先简要介绍语境以及语境在理解隐喻过程中的必要性。其次，本章着重介绍文化语境，包括文化语境的定义、文化语境在理解隐喻过程中的必要性以及文化语境的功能。最后，本章介绍隐喻的知识，以及隐喻和文化语境的关系。第二章主要从文化语境的角度分析英汉隐喻的相似点。人类历史、情感等共有的知识以及人类本身和赖以生存的外部环境决定了不同文化背景的民族有着近似的文化内涵，由此进一步说明隐喻在不同文化语境下有着相似或相同的文化共性。本章主要分析英汉两种语言中的隐喻在不同文化语境下的相似性，着重从自然现象、动物、人体描述、人类情感及成语借用等方面列举分析这些“共同”现象在隐喻中的体现。第三章主要从文化语境的角度分析英汉隐喻的不同点。隐喻在具有文化共性的同时，也具有文化差异性。不同语言中有很多隐喻可以追溯到各自独特的国情，它们与各自国家的社会历史有着千丝万缕的联系。本章运用考威塞斯对文化和隐喻的观点,从不同的环境、思维方式、价值观、宗教信仰、习语等方面比较英汉隐喻的差异性。首先，中西方处于不同的环境之中，这里所指的环境是广义上的环境，包括自然环境、政治环境、气候、空间等诸多方面。其次，中西方的人们具有不同的思维方式。第三，中西方具有不同的价值观。例如中国崇尚的是集体主义价值观，而西方则更推崇个人主义价值观。第四，中西方还拥有不同的宗教信仰。例如，中国文化受佛教影响比较大，，而西方文化则受基督教影响较大。另外，中西方的习语也有很大差异。最后一部分是结论。该部分主要对前面所论述的内容进行简要的总结，同时指出本论文的现实意义。隐喻普遍存在于我们的日常生活，不仅存在于语言中，而且存在于我们的思想和行动中。人们在日常交流中，无时无刻不在使用大量的隐喻。随着时代的高速发展和变迁，社会每一天都在发生日新月异的变化。作为这些变化载体的语言和文化也在改变之中，在其基础上的隐喻性的语言也不是一成不变的。有些隐喻渐渐过时，最终成为死喻。而与此同时，新的隐喻又层出不穷，不断涌现出来。这就要求人们必须要时时刻刻关注生活，与时俱进，关注新的文化气息，以便更好地理解隐喻，从而通过对隐喻的研究加深对不同文化的了解。只有正确理解英汉隐喻，才能更好地理解中西方文化，进而促进中西方的跨文化交流。
[Abstract]:Metaphor has become one of the most popular topics in the field of language research in recent years. Metaphor research has set off a surge in academic circles. People have studied metaphors in linguistics, psychology, philosophy and cognition. However, we can not ignore that metaphor is a universal discourse phenomenon, and people every time in everyday life. All of them are using a lot of metaphors. Therefore, a correct understanding of metaphor and proper use of metaphor is also a learning.
This paper tries to study metaphor from the perspective of cultural context and focuses on the analysis of the influence of cultural context on the understanding of metaphor in English and Chinese, and then compares the similarities and differences between English and Chinese metaphors. The cultural context refers to the concept of a broad sense, including the natural environment, social customs and traditions, religious beliefs, thinking patterns, and value systems. And so on. And the examples that support these theories are vivid, typical, close to people's daily life, and hope to give the reader a sense of cordial and then to resonate in the reader so that it is easier to understand the theories involved in the paper.
This article is composed of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion.
The first part is introduction. The introduction gives a brief introduction to the domestic and foreign research status of metaphor in different fields, and puts forward the problems to be solved in this paper and its practical significance. This part mainly introduces the research status of metaphor in the field of pragmatics and the field of pragmatic cognition.
The second part is the text, which is divided into three chapters.
The first chapter mainly introduces the knowledge of context and cultural context, and focuses on the analysis of the relationship between metaphor and cultural context. The experts have their own understanding and definition of context, such as forth, Hallidy, spike and Wilson. From this, we can learn that both the judgment and the understanding of the metaphor are inseparable from the context, and the cultural context has an important influence on the metaphor. This chapter begins with a brief introduction of context and the necessity of context in the process of understanding metaphor. Secondly, this chapter focuses on the introduction of cultural context, including the definition of cultural context, the necessity of cultural context in understanding the process of metaphor and the function of cultural context. Finally, this chapter introduces the knowledge of metaphor, as well as the knowledge of metaphor. The relationship between metaphor and cultural context.
The second chapter mainly analyzes the similarities between English and Chinese metaphor from the perspective of cultural context. The common knowledge of human history, emotion and other common knowledge, as well as the human beings themselves and the external environment that depend on their existence, have similar cultural connotations in different cultural backgrounds. This further illustrates that the metaphor has a similar or identical text in different cultural contexts. This chapter mainly analyzes the similarities of metaphors in the two languages of English and Chinese in different cultural contexts, and focuses on the embodiment of these "common" phenomena in metaphors from the aspects of natural phenomena, animals, human descriptions, human emotions and idiom borrowing.
The third chapter mainly analyzes the differences between English and Chinese Metaphors from the perspective of cultural context. Metaphor has cultural similarities as well as cultural differences. Many metaphors in different languages can be traced back to their unique national conditions. They are linked to the social history of their respective countries. The point of view of metaphor is to compare the differences of English and Chinese Metaphors in different environments, ways of thinking, values, religious beliefs and idioms. First, the Chinese and Western countries are in a different environment. The environment refers to the environment in a broad sense, including the natural environment, the political environment, the climate, the space and so on. Secondly, the people in the West and the West are not. The same way of thinking. Third, China and the West have different values. For example, China advocates collectivism values, while the West admities individualist values. Fourth, China and the West have different religious beliefs. For example, Chinese culture is greatly influenced by Buddhism, while western culture is greatly influenced by Christianity. In addition, China and the West. There are also great differences in idioms.
The last part is a conclusion. This part is a brief summary of the content discussed above and the practical significance of this paper. Metaphor is common in our daily life, not only in language, but also in our thoughts and actions. With the rapid development and change of the times, the society is changing every day. The language and culture of these changes are also changing, and the metaphorical language on the basis of it is not constant. Some metaphors are gradually out of date and eventually become a metaphor. At the same time, new metaphors emerge in an endless stream. This requires people to pay more attention to life, keep pace with the times and pay attention to the new cultural atmosphere in order to better understand metaphor, so as to deepen understanding of different cultures through the study of metaphor. Only by correctly understanding English and Chinese metaphor can we better understand the Chinese and Western cultures and then promote the cross language between China and the West. Exchange and exchange.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H315;H15

【共引文献】