汉语运动事件词汇化模式的类型学研究
发布时间：2018-08-04 14:13
【摘要】：本文旨在研究汉语在表达运动事件时曾现的类型学特征,重点在于研究汉语使用者表征运动事件时词汇化模式在不同的历史时期是否具有延续性以及现代英汉在表达运动事件时词汇化模式是否具有差异性。本文希望通过此项研究展示汉语的类型归属。 Talmy在其著作Toward a Cognitive Semantics(2000)中提出了运动事件框架理论。他根据运动事件的词汇化模式把世界上的语言归为动词框架语言和卫星框架语言,其中汉语被其归为一种很强的卫星框架语(Talmy2000, Ⅱ:272)。 Talmy对语言类型的划分激发了诸多学者对语言的进一步探究,著名的如Slobin (2004)等。判断某种语言是动词框架语言还是卫星框架语言,应该取决于“路径词是由核心动词还是卫星词来充当”(Talmy2000, Ⅱ:221)。但是汉语究竟是卫星框架语言还是如Slobin等提出的属于第三种语言类型-等价框架语言(equipollently-framed language)(2004),至今仍未定论。特别是汉语包含丰富的复合动词,复合动词的补语是动词且可以单独使用,但是否是核心动词,尚无统一看法,使得汉语的类型归属成为争议的焦点。本文暂不对汉语的类型做出明确断定,而在此框架模式下分析汉语表达运动事件时采用的词汇化模式,总结出汉语在表达运动事件时所具有的类型学特征。 第一,历时考察得出,汉语在不同历史时期呈现不同的类型学特征。在表达同一语义成分的前提下,古代汉语通常采用综合的方式,把“运动”、“原因”、“方式”连同“路径”一起合并到一个核心动词中,而现代汉语采用的分析的方式,其“路径”往往由卫星成分来表达。如果按照以Talmy为首的语言类型学家指定的根据路径词的不同词汇化模式划分语言的标准,那么将会得出,古代汉语属于动词框架语,现代汉语属于卫星框架语。 第二,共时考察得出,汉语不是Talmy所声称那样是卫星框架语言的“完美例子”(Talmy2000, Ⅱ:27)。与英语等典型的卫星框架语言相比,汉语虽然具备了卫星框架语言的某些特征,但也存在很大的差异： 相似性：(1)英汉动体和背景都遵循可移动原则；(2)英汉方式动词都可以包容方式或原因;(3)英汉“路径”成分都可以由卫星成分来表达。差异性：(1)汉语存在动体移动性远远高于背景,二者颠倒语意不变现象；而英语则不存在此类现象;(2)汉语移动动词种类没有英语丰富；(3)汉语的“路径”成分主要词汇化为动词和介词；而英语的“路径”成分主要词汇化为副词和介词重叠；(4)汉语运动“路径”的词汇要比英语复杂得多,既可以由单个路径动词单独表达,如进,回，，也可和趋向动词重叠使用,如进来,回去；(5)在表达连续性运动事件中,两种语言的路径编码方式也不尽相同。汉语采用[运动1+运动2+…路径1]的连续表达式,而英语则采用[运动1+路径1+路径：…]的表达式； 第三,我们认为Talmy的分类虽有道理,但是他忽略了汉语有着悠久的历史和丰富的文化底蕴。从我们的研究看,汉语在描述运动事件时有自己独特的表达方式,汉语不是典型的卫星框架语言,应是一种复杂的语言,我们把它称之为复合框架语(Complex-framed Language)，尚待进一步的研究。本文以运动事件框架理论为导向,借助汉语的研究成果,从词汇化模式角度对汉语运动事件进行深入的认知语义分析。本文认为,类似的研究成果有助汉语归类之争的解决,并为进一步的相关实证研究奠定基础。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study the typological characteristics of Chinese in the expression of sports events. The emphasis is on whether the Chinese speakers' lexicalization patterns have continuity in different historical periods and whether the modern English and Chinese lexicalization patterns are different in the expression of sports events. Show the type of Chinese.
Talmy put forward the motion event frame theory in his work Toward a Cognitive Semantics (2000). He classified the world's language into a verb frame language and a satellite frame language based on the lexicalization mode of the sports events, in which the Chinese is classified as a strong satellite frame language (Talmy2000, II: 272). The classification of language types by Talmy. It has inspired many scholars to further explore the language, such as Slobin (2004) and so on. To judge whether a language is a verb frame language or a satellite frame language, it should depend on "whether the path words are made by the core verb or the satellite word" (Talmy2000, II: 221). But whether Chinese is the satellite framework language or the Slobin, and so on. There are third types of language - equivalent frame language (equipollently-framed language) (2004), which is still unsettled. In particular, Chinese contains rich compound verbs. The complement of the compound verb is a verb and can be used alone. But whether it is the core verb, there is no unified view, which makes the Chinese type belong to the focus of the dispute. The text does not make a clear determination of the type of Chinese, and analyzes the lexicalization model used in the Chinese expression of sports events in this framework, and summarizes the typological characteristics of Chinese in the expression of sports events.
First, the diachronic survey shows that Chinese has different typology characteristics in different historical periods. On the premise of expressing the same semantic components, ancient Chinese usually combines "movement", "cause", "way" together with "path" to a core verb, and the analytical method adopted in modern Chinese. Its "path" is often expressed by satellite components. If the language typed by a language typologist headed by Talmy is to divide the language according to the different lexicalization patterns of the path words, it will be concluded that the ancient Chinese belongs to the verb frame language and the modern Chinese belongs to the satellite frame language.
Second, a synchronic survey shows that Chinese is not the "perfect example" (Talmy2000, II) of the satellite framework language that Talmy claims to be. Compared with the typical satellite framework languages such as English, Chinese has some characteristics of the satellite frame language, but there are also great differences.
Similarity: (1) both English and Chinese actors and backgrounds follow the principle of mobility; (2) both English and Chinese verbs can be included in the way or cause; (3) both English and Chinese "path" components can be expressed by satellite components. (1) the difference is (1) the mobility of the verb in Chinese is far higher than the background, and the two reverses the semantic change; while English does not exist in English Phenomenon: (2) there are no English rich Chinese mobile verbs; (3) the main words of "path" in Chinese are mainly verbs and prepositions; and the "path" component of English is mainly Lexicalization and preposition overlap; (4) the vocabulary of the "path" of Chinese movement is much more complex than English, which can be expressed by a single path verb alone. If we enter, return, and can also be used with the tendency verb, such as coming in and returning; (5) in the expression of continuous events, the way of encoding the path of the two languages is not the same. Chinese use [sports 1+ movement 2+... The continuous expression of path 1], while English adopts the [moving 1+ path 1+ path:... The expression of]
Third, we think that the classification of Talmy is reasonable, but he ignores the long history and rich cultural background of Chinese. From our research, Chinese has its own unique expression in describing sports events. Chinese is not a typical satellite frame language. It should be a complex language. We call it a complex frame. Complex-framed Language, which is still to be further studied, is guided by the framework theory of sports events, with the help of the research results of Chinese, to analyze the Chinese sports events from the perspective of lexicalization. The empirical research lays the foundation.
【学位授予单位】：信阳师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136
本文编号：2164138
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study the typological characteristics of Chinese in the expression of sports events. The emphasis is on whether the Chinese speakers' lexicalization patterns have continuity in different historical periods and whether the modern English and Chinese lexicalization patterns are different in the expression of sports events. Show the type of Chinese.
Talmy put forward the motion event frame theory in his work Toward a Cognitive Semantics (2000). He classified the world's language into a verb frame language and a satellite frame language based on the lexicalization mode of the sports events, in which the Chinese is classified as a strong satellite frame language (Talmy2000, II: 272). The classification of language types by Talmy. It has inspired many scholars to further explore the language, such as Slobin (2004) and so on. To judge whether a language is a verb frame language or a satellite frame language, it should depend on "whether the path words are made by the core verb or the satellite word" (Talmy2000, II: 221). But whether Chinese is the satellite framework language or the Slobin, and so on. There are third types of language - equivalent frame language (equipollently-framed language) (2004), which is still unsettled. In particular, Chinese contains rich compound verbs. The complement of the compound verb is a verb and can be used alone. But whether it is the core verb, there is no unified view, which makes the Chinese type belong to the focus of the dispute. The text does not make a clear determination of the type of Chinese, and analyzes the lexicalization model used in the Chinese expression of sports events in this framework, and summarizes the typological characteristics of Chinese in the expression of sports events.
First, the diachronic survey shows that Chinese has different typology characteristics in different historical periods. On the premise of expressing the same semantic components, ancient Chinese usually combines "movement", "cause", "way" together with "path" to a core verb, and the analytical method adopted in modern Chinese. Its "path" is often expressed by satellite components. If the language typed by a language typologist headed by Talmy is to divide the language according to the different lexicalization patterns of the path words, it will be concluded that the ancient Chinese belongs to the verb frame language and the modern Chinese belongs to the satellite frame language.
Second, a synchronic survey shows that Chinese is not the "perfect example" (Talmy2000, II) of the satellite framework language that Talmy claims to be. Compared with the typical satellite framework languages such as English, Chinese has some characteristics of the satellite frame language, but there are also great differences.
Similarity: (1) both English and Chinese actors and backgrounds follow the principle of mobility; (2) both English and Chinese verbs can be included in the way or cause; (3) both English and Chinese "path" components can be expressed by satellite components. (1) the difference is (1) the mobility of the verb in Chinese is far higher than the background, and the two reverses the semantic change; while English does not exist in English Phenomenon: (2) there are no English rich Chinese mobile verbs; (3) the main words of "path" in Chinese are mainly verbs and prepositions; and the "path" component of English is mainly Lexicalization and preposition overlap; (4) the vocabulary of the "path" of Chinese movement is much more complex than English, which can be expressed by a single path verb alone. If we enter, return, and can also be used with the tendency verb, such as coming in and returning; (5) in the expression of continuous events, the way of encoding the path of the two languages is not the same. Chinese use [sports 1+ movement 2+... The continuous expression of path 1], while English adopts the [moving 1+ path 1+ path:... The expression of]
Third, we think that the classification of Talmy is reasonable, but he ignores the long history and rich cultural background of Chinese. From our research, Chinese has its own unique expression in describing sports events. Chinese is not a typical satellite frame language. It should be a complex language. We call it a complex frame. Complex-framed Language, which is still to be further studied, is guided by the framework theory of sports events, with the help of the research results of Chinese, to analyze the Chinese sports events from the perspective of lexicalization. The empirical research lays the foundation.
【学位授予单位】：信阳师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H136
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