英汉“牛”的隐喻认知研究

发布时间：2018-08-04 19:34

【摘要】：莱考夫和约翰逊认为,隐喻无处不在,它不仅存在于我们的语言中,也存在我们的思维和行为中。汉英语言中存在着许多动物隐喻。一些学者通过一些文化现象把动物作为始源域映射到其他的目标域,即从文化和认知角度,来研究动物隐喻,但很少有学者从认知隐喻的角度把某一具体的动物形象作为研究对象。本文选取“牛”这一与人类生活密切相关的动物作为研究对象,以认知隐喻、大链条隐喻、跨域映射、隐喻凸显等理论为依据,研究英汉语言中牛隐喻的异同,试图分析其中的原因。本文收集英汉语言中表达“牛”的语料,根据“牛”隐喻的语言现象,从隐喻和认知角度将对其分为四个类型：第一,“牛”的动物形象映射到人类的物理属性,即“牛”的外观和身体特征,性格特征,行为特征映射到人类的对应特征；第二,“牛”的动物形象映射到情感领域,包括褒义和贬义的情感；第三,“牛”的动物形象映射到事物,例如a papal bull喻指教皇的训令,“执牛耳”喻指在某一方面居最有权威的地位；第四,“牛”的动物形象映射到鬼神、神明领域。在此基础上,本文进一步分析英汉语言“牛”隐喻的异同点,从不同角度阐释两种语言中“牛”隐喻异同及其成因。一方面,两种语言均凸显了“牛”庞大的外型等生理特征,“牛”笨拙的行为特征,“牛”固执的性格特征以及表达褒义情感的倾向。另一方面,英汉语言的“牛”隐喻的差异主要源自不同的宗教信仰、民族风俗和政治背景。本研究的意义是,通过“牛”隐喻的研究促进英语学习者理解词汇隐喻的特点和表达,增进跨文化交流。本文的创新之处在于：以某一具体动物的隐喻研究丰富了动物隐喻的内涵,提高了“牛”隐喻的应用价值。
[Abstract]:Lakoff and Johnson believe that metaphor is everywhere, not only in our language, but also in our thinking and behavior. There are many animal metaphors in Chinese and English. Some scholars study animal metaphors from cultural and cognitive perspectives by mapping animals as source domains to other target domains through some cultural phenomena. However, few scholars regard a specific animal image as the object of study from the perspective of cognitive metaphor. Based on the theories of cognitive metaphor, big chain metaphor, cross-domain mapping and metaphorical protruding, this paper studies the similarities and differences of cattle metaphors in English and Chinese, which are closely related to human life. Try to analyze the reasons. According to the linguistic phenomenon of "cow" metaphor, this paper collects the data of "cow" in English and Chinese, and divides it into four types from the perspective of metaphor and cognition: first, the animal image of "cow" is mapped to the physical attributes of human beings. That is, the appearance and body characteristics, personality and behavior characteristics of "cattle" are mapped to the corresponding characteristics of human beings; second, the animal image of "cattle" is mapped to the field of emotion, including positive and derogatory feelings; third, The animal image of "cow" is mapped to things, for example, a papal bull refers to the instruction of the pope, "executive ear" refers to the most authoritative position in a certain aspect; fourth, the animal image of "cow" is mapped to the realm of ghosts, gods and gods. On this basis, this paper further analyzes the similarities and differences of "cow" metaphors in English and Chinese, and explains the similarities and differences of "cattle" metaphors in the two languages from different angles and their causes. On the one hand, both languages highlight the physiological characteristics of the "cow", such as the huge appearance of the cow, the clumsy behavior of the "cow", the stubborn character of the "cow" and the tendency to express positive feelings. On the other hand, the differences of cow metaphors in English and Chinese mainly come from different religious beliefs, ethnic customs and political backgrounds. The purpose of this study is to promote English learners' understanding of the characteristics and expressions of lexical metaphors and enhance cross-cultural communication through the study of "cow" metaphors. The innovation of this paper is that the study of a specific animal metaphor enriches the connotation of animal metaphor and improves the application value of cow metaphor.
【学位授予单位】：福建师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H13;H313

【参考文献】