现代汉语时间副词的隐现研究
发布时间：2018-08-05 19:38
【摘要】：时间副词是现代汉语副词中一个较大的次类,根据陆俭明、马真(1999：98)的研究,“现代汉语中的时间副词约有130个左右,几乎占整个副词的30%”。时间副词的基本用途是修饰限制动词、形容词,表示事情、动作或状态发生、变化、持续的时间；此外,有的时间副词还可以修饰名词、数量短语或整个句子。对于任何一种语言来说,时间概念都是非常重要的一种范畴,但是不同的语言时间意义表达的手段不同。在印欧语系诸语言中,时、体变化一般都是通过动词的屈折形式来表示的,而汉语作为一种分析性的语言,其“时间”表达的手段是多种多样的,主要有四种：时间名词、时间副词、动态助词和事态语气词,在具体的话语中,这四种时间表达方式既可以单独使用,也可以联合使用。其中,时间副词作为现代汉语中一种非常重要的时间表达方式,除了表达时间意义以外,有时还会起到完句或者关联的作用。本文主要是根据三个平面理论,对时间副词在句子中的隐现情况及其制约因素进行研究。在系统地考察了一部分比较常用的时间副词之后,我们发现时间副词的隐现可以分为三种情况：一是时间副词必现,即如果时间副词隐去,句子就不能成立；二是时间副词可隐可现,即时间副词出现或不出现对于句子的表达和理解基本上没有影响；三是时间副词隐现有别,即时间副词的出现或不出现会使句子发生某些变化。造成这三种情况的原因,既有句法平面的,也语义、语用平面的,在句子中,具体时间副词的隐现经常是多种因素制约的结果。
[Abstract]:Temporal adverbs are a large subclass of modern Chinese adverbs. According to the study of Lu Jianming and Ma Zhen (1999: 98), "there are about 130 adverbs in modern Chinese, accounting for almost 30% of the total adverbs". The basic use of time adverbs is to modify and restrict verbs, adjectives, indicating things, actions, or states to occur, change, and last. In addition, some time adverbs can also modify nouns, quantitative phrases, or the whole sentence. For any language, the concept of time is a very important category, but different languages have different means of expressing the meaning of time. In Indo-European languages, aspect changes are generally represented by the inflection of verbs, while Chinese, as an analytical language, has a variety of means of expressing "time", mainly in four ways: temporal nouns. Temporal adverbs, dynamic auxiliaries and state of affairs modal words, in specific discourse, these four temporal expressions can be used either alone or in combination. Temporal adverbs, as a very important way of expressing time in modern Chinese, sometimes play the role of complete sentence or relevance besides expressing the meaning of time. Based on the theory of three planes, this paper studies the concealment of temporal adverbs in sentences and its restrictive factors. After a systematic investigation of some commonly used time adverbs, we find that the invisibility of time adverbs can be divided into three situations: first, time adverbs must appear, that is, if the time adverbs are hidden, the sentences cannot hold; The second is that time adverbs can be implicit, that is, the appearance or absence of time adverbs has no effect on the expression and understanding of sentences; third, time adverbs appear differently, that is, the appearance or absence of time adverbs will cause some changes in sentences. The causes of these three cases are syntactic plane, semantic plane and pragmatic plane. In sentences, the concealment of specific time adverbs is often the result of many factors.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146
本文编号：2166810
[Abstract]:Temporal adverbs are a large subclass of modern Chinese adverbs. According to the study of Lu Jianming and Ma Zhen (1999: 98), "there are about 130 adverbs in modern Chinese, accounting for almost 30% of the total adverbs". The basic use of time adverbs is to modify and restrict verbs, adjectives, indicating things, actions, or states to occur, change, and last. In addition, some time adverbs can also modify nouns, quantitative phrases, or the whole sentence. For any language, the concept of time is a very important category, but different languages have different means of expressing the meaning of time. In Indo-European languages, aspect changes are generally represented by the inflection of verbs, while Chinese, as an analytical language, has a variety of means of expressing "time", mainly in four ways: temporal nouns. Temporal adverbs, dynamic auxiliaries and state of affairs modal words, in specific discourse, these four temporal expressions can be used either alone or in combination. Temporal adverbs, as a very important way of expressing time in modern Chinese, sometimes play the role of complete sentence or relevance besides expressing the meaning of time. Based on the theory of three planes, this paper studies the concealment of temporal adverbs in sentences and its restrictive factors. After a systematic investigation of some commonly used time adverbs, we find that the invisibility of time adverbs can be divided into three situations: first, time adverbs must appear, that is, if the time adverbs are hidden, the sentences cannot hold; The second is that time adverbs can be implicit, that is, the appearance or absence of time adverbs has no effect on the expression and understanding of sentences; third, time adverbs appear differently, that is, the appearance or absence of time adverbs will cause some changes in sentences. The causes of these three cases are syntactic plane, semantic plane and pragmatic plane. In sentences, the concealment of specific time adverbs is often the result of many factors.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H146
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