母语为英语的留学生汉语三字组韵律偏误研究
发布时间：2018-08-05 20:33
【摘要】：本文设计了包含64种声调组合类型的三字组文本语料(有些是词,有些属短语,为称说方便,以下统称词语),每种声调组合类型包含有4个三字组词语,共有256词。同时采集了母语为汉语的中国学生(以下简称中国学生)及母语为英语的留学生(以下简称留学生)朗读这些词语的语音语料,利用praat软件对这些音频文件进行切分标注,提取每个音节的韵母基频数据和时长数据,运用excel、SPSS软件对数据进行统计、整理和分析,绘制图表,比较在三字组这个层面上,留学生和中国学生二者之间,阴阳上去四声在首字、中字和末字时,音高、时长等方面的差异,留学生上声变调和去声变调时的偏误等等,从而寻找其中的规律,总结留学生的韵律偏误特点。最后探索偏误形成的原因,为英语母语者的汉语学习提供一些帮助和建议。 本文的主要创新之处是： 1.本文是基于语料库的研究。在三字组语料设计上避免了零声母音节的出现,尽量减少r、m、n、1等浊声母的出现,方便将音节声母和韵母切分开来,更加科学合理。 2.定性、定量的研究方法。声学特征分析方法上,采用实验语音分析法,重点研究三字组基频和时长的分析,更具科学性和客观性。 本文的一些主要结论和研究成果： 1.在三字组这个语言单位中,留学生的调刑、调域错误都存在。整体上看,阴平和去声掌握情况较好,阳平和上声掌握情况不太好。对于阴平音节,无论在首中末字,留学生发音都稍有下降趋势,不够平直,主要存在调型偏误。对于阳平,在中字时出现了严重的调型偏误,在首字和末字时,主要存在调域偏误。上声及上声变调方面,主要表现为调型偏误。去声及去声变调方面,主要表现为调域偏误。 2.在调域方面,总体而言,中国学生和留学生都符合“首字中字末字”这个规律,除了中国学生阳平处于中字时,调域比处于首字要小。同时,除了阴平的基频变化范围比中国学生大,阳平在中字时调域比中国学生大(此时存在调型偏误,不具参考价值),此外,留学生的调域都比中国学生偏小。 3.时长方面,中国学生时长规律为：首字中字末字。留学生时长规律为：除了上声处于中字时时长比首字长以外,其他声调均符合“中字首字末字”。同时,阳平在末字时,留学生的时长没有中国学生长；阴平和去声在末字时,两者没有显著性差异。除此之外,其他情况下,留学生时长都比中国学生要长。 4.在区分三字组1+2、2+1结构方面,中国学生通过中字和末字的时长及调域的不同来体现两种结构的不同。留学生通过首字和末字的时长及调域的不同来体现两种结构的不同。
[Abstract]:In this paper, a three-character group text corpus (some words, some phrases, which is convenient to say) is designed, which contains 64 types of tone combinations. Each type of tone combination consists of four three-character words, with a total of 256 words. At the same time, the Chinese students whose mother tongue is Chinese (hereinafter referred to as Chinese students) and the native English students (hereinafter referred to as foreign students) who read these words aloud are collected, and the audio files are segmented and tagged by praat software. We extract the vowel base frequency data and the duration data of each syllable, and use the software excelot SPSS to make statistics, collate and analyze the data, draw charts, and compare the three character group level between the Chinese students and the foreign students. The differences in pitch and duration of the first, middle and last words, the errors in the tone and detone of foreign students, and so on, in order to find out the rules and summarize the characteristics of the rhythmic bias of foreign students. Finally, this paper explores the causes of errors, and provides some help and advice for native speakers of English in learning Chinese. The main innovations of this paper are as follows: 1. This paper is based on corpus research. In the design of three-character corpus, the zero consonant syllable is avoided, and the appearance of turbid consonants such as rpmmMNQ1 is reduced as far as possible, and it is more scientific and reasonable to cut the initials of syllables from vowels. 2. Qualitative and quantitative research methods. In the method of acoustic feature analysis, it is more scientific and objective to use the experimental phonetic analysis method to study the fundamental frequency and duration of the three character group. Some main conclusions and research results of this paper are as follows: 1. In the three-word group language unit, the foreign student's penalty adjustment, the adjustment domain error exists. On the whole, Yin Ping and de-sound grasp is better, Yangping and Shangsheng grasp is not very good. For Yin and flat syllable, both in the first and the last word, the pronunciation of foreign students has a slight downward trend, not straight, there are major tone errors. For Yangping, there are serious tone errors in Chinese characters. On tone and tone, the main performance for tone bias. De-tone and de-tone, the main performance for the toning field bias. 2. Generally speaking, Chinese students and overseas students all conform to the law of "the last word in the beginning", except that the Chinese student Yangping is in the Chinese character, the tone field is smaller than the word in the initials. At the same time, besides the range of fundamental frequency variation of Yin and Ping is larger than that of Chinese students, and Yangping is larger than Chinese students in Chinese characters (at this time, there is a modulation bias, which has no reference value), in addition, the adjustment domain of foreign students is smaller than that of Chinese students. In terms of length of time, the law of the length of time of Chinese students is: the first word is the last word. The rule of time length of foreign students is that the tone of Chinese characters is in accordance with the last word of Chinese characters except that the duration of Chinese characters is longer than that of Chinese characters. At the same time, at the end of Yangping, the duration of foreign students is not as long as that of Chinese students, but there is no significant difference between them. In addition, in other cases, the duration of foreign students is longer than that of Chinese students. 4. 4. In the aspect of distinguishing the structure of tri-character group 12 / 21, the Chinese students reflect the difference of the two structures by the difference of the duration and the tone field of the Chinese character and the last word. The foreign students reflect the difference of the two structures by the length of time and the domain of tone.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195
本文编号：2166939
[Abstract]:In this paper, a three-character group text corpus (some words, some phrases, which is convenient to say) is designed, which contains 64 types of tone combinations. Each type of tone combination consists of four three-character words, with a total of 256 words. At the same time, the Chinese students whose mother tongue is Chinese (hereinafter referred to as Chinese students) and the native English students (hereinafter referred to as foreign students) who read these words aloud are collected, and the audio files are segmented and tagged by praat software. We extract the vowel base frequency data and the duration data of each syllable, and use the software excelot SPSS to make statistics, collate and analyze the data, draw charts, and compare the three character group level between the Chinese students and the foreign students. The differences in pitch and duration of the first, middle and last words, the errors in the tone and detone of foreign students, and so on, in order to find out the rules and summarize the characteristics of the rhythmic bias of foreign students. Finally, this paper explores the causes of errors, and provides some help and advice for native speakers of English in learning Chinese. The main innovations of this paper are as follows: 1. This paper is based on corpus research. In the design of three-character corpus, the zero consonant syllable is avoided, and the appearance of turbid consonants such as rpmmMNQ1 is reduced as far as possible, and it is more scientific and reasonable to cut the initials of syllables from vowels. 2. Qualitative and quantitative research methods. In the method of acoustic feature analysis, it is more scientific and objective to use the experimental phonetic analysis method to study the fundamental frequency and duration of the three character group. Some main conclusions and research results of this paper are as follows: 1. In the three-word group language unit, the foreign student's penalty adjustment, the adjustment domain error exists. On the whole, Yin Ping and de-sound grasp is better, Yangping and Shangsheng grasp is not very good. For Yin and flat syllable, both in the first and the last word, the pronunciation of foreign students has a slight downward trend, not straight, there are major tone errors. For Yangping, there are serious tone errors in Chinese characters. On tone and tone, the main performance for tone bias. De-tone and de-tone, the main performance for the toning field bias. 2. Generally speaking, Chinese students and overseas students all conform to the law of "the last word in the beginning", except that the Chinese student Yangping is in the Chinese character, the tone field is smaller than the word in the initials. At the same time, besides the range of fundamental frequency variation of Yin and Ping is larger than that of Chinese students, and Yangping is larger than Chinese students in Chinese characters (at this time, there is a modulation bias, which has no reference value), in addition, the adjustment domain of foreign students is smaller than that of Chinese students. In terms of length of time, the law of the length of time of Chinese students is: the first word is the last word. The rule of time length of foreign students is that the tone of Chinese characters is in accordance with the last word of Chinese characters except that the duration of Chinese characters is longer than that of Chinese characters. At the same time, at the end of Yangping, the duration of foreign students is not as long as that of Chinese students, but there is no significant difference between them. In addition, in other cases, the duration of foreign students is longer than that of Chinese students. 4. 4. In the aspect of distinguishing the structure of tri-character group 12 / 21, the Chinese students reflect the difference of the two structures by the difference of the duration and the tone field of the Chinese character and the last word. The foreign students reflect the difference of the two structures by the length of time and the domain of tone.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195
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