兰盖克语言单位划分的语义探索

发布时间：2018-08-09 13:34

【摘要】：美国认知语言学家兰盖克于1987, 1991年出版了两卷本的《认知语法基础》,2000年出版了《语法和概念化》,确立了认知语法这一门新兴学科,在语言学界引起强烈反响。Lakoff (1987), Taylor(1996)等也分别对认知语法作了重要论述。2002年，Taylor出版了《认知语法》,对兰盖克的认知语法作了全面的分析和总结,同时给予了高度评价。Taylor认为：兰盖克的理论在某种意义上说,正成为主流语言理论的一部分(2002: 36),已被认知语言学家们广泛接受。在对认知语法理论不断地的探索研究中,一个至关重要的问题被提出来：认知语法理论的核心内容究竟是什么？认知语法的系统理论包括六个部分，即1)语言语义学(LinguisticSemantics)；2)意象层次(Dimensions of Imagery)；3)语法就是意象(Grammar as Image)；4)语法组织(Grammatical Organization)；5)语法等级(Grammatical Classes)；6)语法建构(Grammatical Constructions)。对这六个部分的研究和分析表明,它们都是在围绕着“象征结构”这一概念进行的各个方面的理论阐述。“象征结构”来源于语言单位理论，所以可以得出：语言单位理论是兰盖克的认知语法理论中的核心理论，也就是要分析语言单位是如何构建起来表达语义的。构建语言单位来表达语意的过程中，我们强调语言单位的整合性，而并非单一的组合在一起。所以，我们要深入研究认知语法，必须从认知语法的核心理论—语言单位理论开始研究。本文就详细介绍兰盖克的语言单位理论以及语言单位理论是如何构建用以表达语义的。兰盖克提出：音位单位、语义单位和象征单位是解释所有语言现象的三个单位。象征单位是由音位单位和语义单位构成的，也被称为象征结构。任何语言表达式：词素、词、短语、句子、语篇都是象征单位。与乔姆斯基的生成语法相反，兰盖克认为语言不是一个自治的认知系统，而是一个约定俗成的、动态的象征单位集合体。象征单位通过各种整合关系组合起来表达语义。语言单位因此而具有组合性和对应性。语言单位具有规约性，规约有程度的划分。而对语言单位的界定存在着动态性与变化性。兰盖克语言单位理论是如何分析语义的？兰盖克本人以及国内外专家以英语为载体进行了大量的分析。但是，兰盖克语言单位理论是否可以分析汉语语义呢？本论文就以英语和汉语为载体，用兰盖克语言单位理论同时对英语和汉语语义进行了分析，列举了大量语料。分别用语音、语义和象征单位三种单位分析了汉语语义；分析了汉语语言单位在表达语义时候的整合性与整合关系；汉语语义表达的对应性。在分析过程中发现，，语言单位理论在分析汉语时，动态变化性与不确定性更强，因为汉语本身对于词类的划分就不明确。我们套用语言单位理论分析英语语义的方法去分析汉语语义就越发的力不从心。兰盖克语言单位理论用于分析汉语语义，其理论还有待于进一步补充；对于汉语语义分析还有待于进一步研究。
[Abstract]:American cognitive linguist Langec published two volumes of the basis of cognitive grammar in 1987 and 1991, and published < grammar and conceptualization > in 2000. It established a new subject of cognitive grammar, which caused a strong repercussion in the linguistic field.Lakoff (1987), Taylor (1996) and so on, respectively, for.2002, Taylor publication. The cognitive grammar of "cognitive grammar" has made a comprehensive analysis and summary of the cognitive grammar of Langke. At the same time, it gives a high degree of evaluation to.Taylor that, in a sense, Langke's theory is becoming a part of the mainstream language theory (2002: 36), which has been widely accepted by cognitive linguists. A crucial question is raised: what is the core content of cognitive grammar theory?
The system theory of cognitive grammar consists of six parts, namely, 1) language semantics (LinguisticSemantics); 2) image level (Dimensions of Imagery); 3) syntax is image (Grammar as Image); 4) grammatical organization (Grammatical Organization); 5) grammar class (Grammatical Classes); 6) grammatical construction (Grammatical). The study and analysis of the six parts show that they are all theoretically expounded in all aspects of the concept of "symbolic structure". "Symbolic structure" comes from the theory of language unit, so it can be concluded that the theory of language unit is the core theory in the cognitive grammar theory of Langke, that is to analyze the language unit. In the process of constructing language units to express semantics, we emphasize the integration of language units, not a single combination. So, we have to study cognitive grammar deeply, and we must start studying from the core theory of cognitive grammar, the theory of language unit. How does the linguistic unit theory and the linguistic unit theory be constructed to express the semantics. Lanigk suggests that the phoneme unit, the semantic unit, and the symbolic unit are three units of the interpretation of all linguistic phenomena. The symbolic units are made up of phonetic units and semantic units, and are also called the sign structures. Language, sentence, and discourse are all symbolic units. Contrary to Chomsky's generative grammar, Langke thinks that language is not an autonomous cognitive system, but a common and dynamic symbolic unit. Symbolic units are combined to express meaning through a variety of integrated relationships. The language unit has the regularity, the statute has a degree of division. And the definition of the language unit is dynamic and changing. How does the Langke language unit theory analyze the semantics? What is the semantic meaning of the language? This paper is carried out in English and Chinese as the carrier. The semantic of English and Chinese is analyzed with the unit theory of Langke language. A large number of corpus are enumerated. The Chinese semantics are analyzed with three units of speech, semantic and symbolic units, and the integration and integration of the Chinese language units in the expression of semantics are analyzed. The correspondence of Chinese semantic expression. In the process of analysis, it is found that the dynamic variability and uncertainty of the language unit theory are stronger in the analysis of Chinese, because the Chinese itself is not clear about the division of the word class. The theory of language unit is used to analyze Chinese semantics, and its theory needs to be further supplemented.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H04

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