基于语料的同延路径与放射路径的中英对比研究

发布时间：2018-08-16 10:59

【摘要】：作为语言虚拟性（fictivity）的一个重要组成部分，虚拟运动句被证明了是一种普遍存在的语言表达式。从宏观来看，不同的语言使用者对虚拟运动这一概念的认知都百虑一致。然而，由于受到语言内部结构和地区社会文化的影响，语言之间在表达方式上存在着诸多差异。例如，动词语义并入的差异，心理扫描方式的差异，等等。Talmy(1985,2000)对英语中的虚拟运动表达式按照路径信息分为六大类，本文选取其中两类作为数据采集和对比研究的对象，同延路径（Co-extension Path）和放射路径(EmanationPath）。除此之外，Matlock (2001,2004)从心理学的角度验证了虚拟运动和真实运动之间存在着颇多相似之处，比如，图形与背景的关系，运动路径、方式、方向以及运动时间的表达。这也就使真实运动的理论框架应用于虚拟运动成为了可能。基于这一发现，本文采用了运动事件（Motion Event）理论框架对中英虚拟运动语料进行分析。根据前人研究有待补充之处，本文提出以下四个研究问题：一、中英虚拟运动表达式中移动元(Actant)有何特征（形状特征与可行性特征）？二、中文虚拟运动表达式中移动动词的语义并入采用的何种方式（路径并入还是方式并入）？三、中文虚拟运动在表达运动时间上有何种限制（时间信息是否允许细致描绘）？四、何种心理扫描方式被用于处理中文中的虚拟运动句（综合扫描还是次第扫描）？针对这四个研究问题，首先，收集到的语料会按照运动事件各组成要素进行分类。本文关注于其中五种元素，分别是，移动元（Actant）、运动路径（Motion Path）、运动方式（Motion Manner）、运动方向（Motion Direction）、运动时间（Motion Duration）。其次，中英语料中各要素会根据统计得到的数据进行比对。最后，对中英虚拟运动表达式的异同点进行归纳总结，随之研究问题也会被解决。经过分析和比对，中英虚拟运动有四个相似之处。第一，，中英虚拟运动表达式都倾向于采用线状的（linear）、可行的（traversable）也就是与运动路径相关度高的物体作为移动元；第二，运动路径的必现性；第三，运动方式的表达会受到运动路径的抑制；最后，综合扫描和次第扫描的共现性。除此之外，中英虚拟运动在词汇和句法上也有不同之处。词汇角度来看，英语虚拟运动中的一些高频动词往往在中文中不常用。从句法的角度来看，中文虚拟运动句中的时间信息无法像英文一样得到精确描绘。究其根本是因为中文在表达运动时间上允许无主语句，而英文虚拟运动句则需要置换图形与背景的位置关系完成这一概念的表达。最后，中英在构架类型的差异在虚拟运动表达式中也有所体现。从理论建设来看，中英虚拟运动的对比研究不但有助于发现语言之间的共性和个性，从而揭示词汇使用、句法结构、语言类型和思想文化相互影响的关系。而且有利于更加具体的描述各语言的内部特征。从实践角度来讲，这项研究可以帮助语言习得者更好的理解各语言之间的在表达虚拟运动句的差异以及造成这些差异的理据，为中英翻译的发展和语言教学的进步提供一个全新的视角和思路。
[Abstract]:As an important part of fictivity, virtual motion sentences have been proved to be a universal linguistic expression. From a macroscopic point of view, different language users have the same understanding of the concept of virtual motion. However, due to the influence of the internal structure of the language and the local social culture, there are differences between languages. Talmy (1985,2000) classifies virtual motion expressions in English into six categories according to path information. This paper selects two of them as the subjects of data collection and comparative study, Co-extension Path and Co extension Path. In addition, Matlock (2001, 2004) verifies many similarities between virtual motion and real motion from a psychological point of view, such as the relationship between graphics and background, motion paths, patterns, directions, and the expression of motion time. Based on this discovery, this paper uses the Motion Event framework to analyze Chinese and English virtual sports corpus. According to the previous studies, this paper proposes the following four research questions:
1. What are the characteristics of mobile elements (Actant) in Chinese and English virtual motion expressions?
Second, what is the method of semantic incorporation of moving verbs in Chinese virtual motion expressions (path incorporation or mode incorporation)?
Three, what is the limitation of Chinese virtual motion in expressing movement time (does time information allow meticulous depiction)?
Fourthly, what kind of mental scan is used to deal with the virtual motion sentences in Chinese (comprehensive scan or secondary scan)?
Firstly, the collected corpus is categorized according to the components of the event. Five elements, namely, Actant, Motion Path, Motion Manner, Motion Direction and Motion Duration, are discussed in this paper. Finally, the similarities and differences between Chinese and English virtual motion expressions are summarized, and then the research problems will be solved. After analysis and comparison, there are four similarities between Chinese and English virtual motion. Traversable means that the object with high correlation with the motion path is used as the moving element; secondly, the necessity of the motion path; thirdly, the expression of the motion mode is restrained by the motion path; finally, the co-occurrence of the combined scan and the second scan is considered.
From the lexical point of view, some of the high-frequency verbs in English virtual motion are often not used in Chinese. From the syntactic point of view, the time information in Chinese virtual motion sentences can not be accurately described as in English. In terms of the time of reaching motion, non-subject sentences are allowed, while English virtual motion sentences need to replace the position relationship between the figure and the background to express the concept.
From the perspective of theoretical construction, the comparative study of Chinese and English virtual movements not only helps to discover the commonalities and individualities between languages, but also reveals the interaction between lexical use, syntactic structure, linguistic types and ideology and culture, and helps to describe the internal characteristics of each language more concretely. Help language learners to better understand the differences between different languages in expressing virtual motion sentences and the reasons for these differences provide a new perspective and ideas for the development of Chinese-English translation and the progress of language teaching.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：H314;H146

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