蒙古语阿拉善土语语音声学研究

发布时间：2018-08-19 09:58

【摘要】：本文在前人研究的基础上,利用“蒙古语阿拉善上语语音声学参数数据库”,采用定量和定性分析相结合的方法,对阿拉善上语元音、辅音和词重音问题进行了较系统地研究。本文由绪论、正文、结论与展望、参考文献、附录等部分组成。其中第三、第四和第五章为论文的主要部分。第一章(绪论)主要介绍阿拉善盟简况、阿拉善土语语音研究概述以及选题意义、研究内容、研究目标和研究方法等。第二章主要介绍研制“蒙古语阿拉善土语语音声学参数数据库”的思路、方法和功能等概况。第三章主要探讨了阿拉善土语元音问题。所得出的结论如下：(1)阿拉善土语词首音节有/(?)/,/e/,/i/,/(?)/,/(?)/,/?/,/(?)/,/?/等8个短元音音位；(2)非词首音节有[(?)],[(?)],[I],[(?)],[θ],[ε]等6个短元音,可以用/e/或/θ/代表其典型变体。与词首音节短元音相比,它们有明显的央化(趋中)趋势；(3)词首和非词首音节有/(?)/,/(?)/,/(?)/,/(?)/,/(?)/,/?:/,/(?)/,/?/等8个长元音音位,与词首长元音相比非词首长元音同样有央化(趋中)趋势；(4)有/?e/,/(?)i/,/(?)i/,/(?)/,/(?)/,/(?)/等6个复合元音,从声学研究角度看这些复合元音都属于后响(上升)二合元音。(5)阿拉善土语有出现频率较高的非成音节元音(弱短元音),这些非成音节短元音的音值与非词首音节[I],[θ]等元音的音值接近,可以用[θ]和[i]来标记。第四章主要探讨了阿拉善土语辅音问题,所得出的结论如下：(1)阿拉善土语有[p][ph],[t][th][k][kh]等塞音,有[ts],[tsh],[(?)][(?)h]等塞擦音。塞音、塞擦音在声学格局图上分布两个区域,形成两个主要的聚合区。如,[p]、[ph]、[t]、[th]、[k]、[kh]等塞音都集聚在二维坐标前半区,而[ts]、[tsh]、[(?)]、[(?)h]]等塞擦音都集聚在二维坐标后半区。不送气塞音[t]和送气塞音[th]在声学格局中一般居于最上和次上位置。其中,不送气塞音[t]在格局中一般占据最靠左位置,送气塞擦音[tsh]和[tfh]右的位置。(2)阿拉善土语有[S],[(?)],[x]等清擦音。这些辅音不同位置上的共振峰(CF2-CF5)总体分布模式相对稳定。从三个辅音的共振峰(CF2-CF4)分布模式可以判断,[x]辅音的舌位比[f]辅音靠些。(3)阿拉善土语有[m],[n],[η](鼻音),[l](边音),[f](闪音),[w],[j](半元音)等浊辅音。这些辅音不同位置上的共振峰(VF1-VF5)总体分布模式也相对稳定。从[m],[n],[η]等三个辅音的共振峰(VF1-VF4)分布模式中可以看出,它们之间的差别主要体现在VF2上。阿拉善上语有出现频率较高的/f/辅音,该辅音有[f、3、r、J](?)等四个变体。其中闪音[f]是典型变体。(4)浊音和清擦音在复辅音中主要承担前置辅音,而清塞音、塞擦音和擦音在复辅音中主要承担后置辅音。由这些辅音构成复辅音组合时,中间无需弱短元音。第五章主要探讨了阿拉善土语词重音问题,所得出的结论如下：(1)词重音与词的类型有关。(2)阿拉善上语双音节词的重音在第二音节上。阿拉善上语双音节词音强和音高分布模式为：除L-S类双音节词(该类词的音强最高点在第一音节上)外,其他3类词(S-S类、S-L类和L-L类)的音强最强点都在第二音节上。双音节词第二音节音高都比第一音节相对高,即使是L-L类双音节词也不例外。(3)大多数三音节词的重音不在第一音节上。音强和音高分布模式为：S-S-S类和S-S-L类三音节词的音强最强点在第三音节上。S-L-S类、S-L-L类、L-L-L类和L-L-S类三音节词的音强最强点在第二音节音上；L-S-L类和L-S-S类三音节词的音强最强点在第一音节上。除L-S-S类三音节词(该类词的音高最高点在第二音节上)外,其他七类词(S-S-S类,S-S-L类,S-L-S类,S-L-L类,L-L-L类,L-L-S类和L-S-L类)的音高最高点都在第三音节上。
[Abstract]:On the basis of previous studies, this paper makes a systematic study of vowels, consonants and word stress in Alashan Shanghua by using the "Mongolian Alashan Shanghua Phonetic Acoustic Parameters Database" and combining quantitative and qualitative analysis.
This paper consists of introduction, body, conclusion and prospect, reference, appendix and so on. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 are the main parts of the paper.
The first chapter (introduction) mainly introduces the Alxa League, Alxa dialect phonetics research overview as well as the significance of topic selection, research content, research objectives and research methods.
The second chapter mainly introduces the development of "Mongolian Alxa dialect phonetic and acoustic parameters database" ideas, methods and functions.
The third chapter mainly discusses the vowel problems of Alxa dialect.The conclusions are as follows: (1) Alxa dialect has six short vowels, such as /(?)/, / E /, / I /, / (?)/, / (?)/, / / /?/, / / / and so on, (2) non-initial syllables have [(?), [(?)], [(?)], [theta], [epsilon, which can be used to represent the typical variants of the words. Compared with the long vowels, they tend to be centralized; (3) there are eight long vowel phonemes such as /(?)/, / (?)/, / (?)/, / (?)/, / (?)/, /?: /, / (?)/, /?/ / and so on, which are also centralized (tends to be centralized) compared with the long vowels; (4) there are /?E/, / (?) i/, / (?)/, / (?)/, / (?)/ and (?)/ / and (?)/ and (?)/ / and (?)/ / and (?)/ / and (?)/ / / and (?) / / / / / From the perspective of research, these complex vowels belong to the following (ascending) dichotomous vowels. (5) Alashan dialect has non-syllabic vowels (weak short vowels) with high frequency, and the values of these non-syllabic short vowels are close to those of the non-initial syllables [I], [theta] and other vowels, which can be marked by [theta] and [i].
The fourth chapter mainly discusses the consonants of Alxa dialect, and draws the following conclusions: (1) Alxa dialect has such stops as [p] [p h], [t] [t h] [k] [k h], such as [ts], [ts h], [(?)][(?) h], and so on. Stops and fricatives are distributed in two areas on the acoustic pattern map, forming two main aggregation areas. The unaspirated stops and the air-breathed stops generally occupy the upper and lower positions in the acoustic pattern. Among them, the unaspirated stops [t] generally occupy the most left position in the pattern, and the air-breathed stops [ts h] and the air-breathed stops [tfh] occupy the right position. (2) Alashan dialects have fricative sounds such as [S], [(?)], [x]. The overall distribution patterns of the formants (CF2-CF5) at different positions of these consonants are relatively stable. From the distribution patterns of the formants (CF2-CF4) of the three consonants, it can be judged that the tongue position of [x] consonants is more reliable than that of [f]. (3) Alashan dialects have [m], [n], [] (nasal sounds), [l], [f] (flank sounds,[j], [w], [w] (w], [j], [w] (w], [j], [w] [ Semi-vowel) and iso-voiced consonants. The overall distribution pattern of the formants (VF1-VF5) at different positions is relatively stable. From the distribution pattern of the formants (VF1-VF4) of the three consonants, such as [m], [n], [_], we can see that the difference between them is mainly reflected in VF2. Alashan language has a higher frequency of / F / consonants, which have [f, 3, r, J](? (4) Voiced and fricative consonants are the main pre-consonants in the complex consonants, while clear, fricative and fricative consonants are the main post-consonants in the complex consonants.
The fifth chapter mainly discusses the stress problem of Alxa dialect words and draws the following conclusions: (1) word stress is related to the type of words. (2) The stress of Alxa dialect words is on the second syllable. The second syllable pitch of disyllabic words is higher than that of the first syllable, even in L-L disyllabic words. (3) The stress of most trisyllabic words is not on the first syllable. The distribution patterns of intensity and pitch are: S-S-S and S-S-L. S-L-S, S-L-L, L-L and L-L-S trisyllabic words have the strongest intensity on the second syllable; L-S-L and L-S trisyllabic words have the strongest intensity on the first syllable. The highest pitch points of -S-L, S-L-S, S-L-L, L-L-L, L-L-S and L-S-L are all on the third syllable.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H212

【参考文献】