表示估价的能愿动词及留学生使用偏误分析

发布时间：2018-08-19 10:30

【摘要】：汉语能愿动词是动词中比较特殊的一类词，对于其范畴以及分类问题，目前学术界还没有统一的定论，很多学者各执其言，争议很多。估价能愿动词作为汉语能愿动词中的一个小类，也倍受争议。有些学者在给能愿动词划分类别时没有划分出估价能愿动词这一个小类；有些学者在给能愿动词分类时把估价能愿动词作为能愿动词的一个小类，，但范围上划分的还不是很明确，有待进一步研究。笔者比较认同马庆株先生在《汉语动词和动词性结构》一书中对于能愿动词范畴以及分类的看法。即把能愿动词分为六类：可能动词A类；可能动词B类；愿望动词；估价能愿动词以及许可能愿动词。其中估价能愿动词包括值得、有助于、配、易于、宜于、难于、适于、便于、善于这九个词。估价能愿动词作为汉语能愿动词中的一个小类，既有能愿动词的一些普遍特点，在具体的语义以及用法上也有其各自的特点。本文对估价能愿动词的语义以及使用条件进行简要的分析，并结合一些汉语学习者关于估价能愿动词的偏误浅析偏误的分类以及偏误产生的原因等问题，最后探讨一下在对外汉语教学中的应对措施，提出合理化的建议。这篇文章共分为五个部分：第一部分是引言部分，主要说明选题的起因、意义、研究的范围以及语料来源等问题。第二部分为研究综述部分，主要说明了前人对于汉语表估价的能愿动词的范围划分界定等问题。第三章开始为正文部分。第三章主要简单分析了估价能愿动词的语义以及使用条件等。第四章结合了外国汉语学习者的一些偏误简要分析了偏误的类型以及产生的原因，并探讨了在教学领域以及学术领域的应对措施等问题。第五章为总结部分。本文参考了比较有影响的语法著作以及大量的对外汉语教材，同时参考了中国知网上的一些文章，搜集了一些关于汉语学习者的访谈笔录以及信件、作文等，并选取了一些HSK动态作文语料库及CCL语料库中的语料作为分析语料。另外,本文综合所得到的材料，选取估价能愿动词的偏误部分，分析偏误产生的原因，并对偏误进行分类，在分类的基础上探讨针对偏误应采取哪些应对措施。由于笔者能力有限，可能在文中有些对于估价能愿动词的看法不够准确，也有些分析探讨不够全面完善，希望估价能愿动词这一部分的研究能够引起学者们的重视，共同分析探讨，提高关于汉语估价能愿动词部分的理论水平，以此促进对外汉语的教学事业。
[Abstract]:Chinese capacitive verb is a special kind of verb. There is no unified conclusion on its category and classification at present. Many scholars hold their words and have many controversies. It is also controversial to evaluate the vowel verb as a subclass of Chinese vowel verbs. Some scholars do not classify vowel verbs as a subclass when classifying them; others classify them as a subclass of vowel verbs. However, the scope of the division is not very clear, to be further studied. The author agrees with Mr. Ma Qingzhuo about the category and classification of verb in Chinese verb and verb structure. That is to say, there are six kinds of possible verbs: possible verbs A, possible verbs B, wish verbs, and possible wish verbs. The verb of valuing can wish to include nine words: worth, help, match, ease, suitability, difficulty, suitability, convenience, and proficiency. As a subclass of Chinese vowel verbs, the vowel verbs have some general characteristics, as well as their own characteristics in terms of their specific semantics and usage. This paper makes a brief analysis of the semantic and usage conditions of the vantage verb, and analyzes the classification of the errors and the causes of the errors by some Chinese learners. Finally, this paper discusses the countermeasures in teaching Chinese as a foreign language and puts forward some reasonable suggestions. This article is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction part, which mainly explains the cause, significance, scope of the study and the source of the corpus. The second part is the summary part of the research, mainly explains the former Chinese table valuation of the scope of vantage verbs and so on. The third chapter begins with the text. The third chapter briefly analyzes the semantics and usage conditions of the vantage verb. Chapter four briefly analyzes the types of errors and their causes, and discusses the countermeasures in the field of teaching and learning. The fifth chapter is the summary part. This paper refers to some influential grammatical works and a large number of textbooks for Chinese as a foreign language, and at the same time refers to some articles on the Chinese Zhi net, and collects some interview notes, letters, compositions, etc., about Chinese learners. And selected some HSK dynamic composition corpus and CCL corpus as the analysis corpus. In addition, this paper synthesizes the materials, selects the bias part of the valuation wish verb, analyzes the causes of the error, classifies the error, and discusses what countermeasures should be taken to deal with the error on the basis of the classification. Due to the limited ability of the author, some of the views on the evaluation of can wish verbs in this paper may not be accurate enough, and some analysis and discussion are not comprehensive enough. It is hoped that the research on this part of valuation can attract the attention of scholars. In order to promote the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language, we should improve the theoretical level of the verb part of the Chinese valuation in order to promote the teaching of Chinese as a foreign language.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H195

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