冯梦龙“三言”语音研究

发布时间：2018-08-22 17:33

【摘要】：冯梦龙编纂的“三言”是《古今小说》（《喻世明言》）、《警世通言》、《醒世恒言》三本小说的合成，每本40卷，共120卷。“三言”是冯梦龙以通俗的叙述性语言对宋元话本、明代拟话本进行编辑修订，其中也有作者自己的创作。“三言”保存了明末清初时期大量有价值的语言材料，对研究近代汉语的语音现象及规律具有重要的意义，而目前还没有人对“三言”作系统的语音研究。本文从语音学的角度，以《广韵》为参照点，用统计、比较、韵脚系联等方法，对“三言”中的谐音异文材料以及诗词韵文材料进行分析，探索研究“三言”所反映出来的语音现象和演变规律。本文共搜集了8则谐音材料，198则异文材料，540首诗歌，131首词、365首杂体韵文。通过对谐音异文材料的分析，得出了“三言”在声类方面存在全浊声母清化，知庄章合流，平卷舌区分清晰，零声母字范围扩大，舌面声母的产生等语音现象和规律，并构拟了“三言”的声母系统。通过对韵文材料的分析，发现了“三言”在韵类方面的特点有：部分入声韵尾的混用或消失，，梗摄与曾摄合并，“庚蒸”韵与通摄韵有合流趋向，闭口韵尾[-m]已演变成为[-n]，舌面元音[i]韵母字和圆唇元音[u]韵母字的范围有所扩大，[y]韵母已经产生形成撮口呼，喉牙音开口二等韵i介音已经形成。“三言”在调类方面的特点有平分阴阳，浊上变去，平声和上声相混，平声和去声相混，以及存在入声。最后通过对“三言”声、韵、调特点的总结归纳，得出“三言”是以江淮官话区洪巢片方言为基础写成的。
[Abstract]:Feng Menglong's "three words" is the combination of "Ancient and Modern Fiction" ("A clear word of the World"), "the word of warning" and "waking up to the World Heng Yan", each of which is 40 volumes, with a total of 120 volumes. "San Yan" is Feng Menglong's popular narrative language to the Song and Yuan Dynasty, the Ming Dynasty to edit the text, which also has his own creation. "San Yan" preserves a large number of valuable language materials in the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, which is of great significance to the study of phonological phenomena and rules of modern Chinese, but there is no systematic phonetic research on "three words" at present. From the perspective of phonetics, this paper analyzes the homophonic and poetic materials in Sanyan by means of statistics, comparison, and rhyme connection, taking Guangyun as the reference point. Explore the phonetic phenomenon and evolution law reflected in San Yan. A total of 8 homophonic materials and 198 foreign texts were collected in this paper. Based on the analysis of homophonic materials, the phonetic phenomena and rules of "three words" are obtained, such as total turbid consonant purging in sound category, knowing the confluence of Zhuang Zhang, distinguishing flat tongue clearly, enlarging the range of zero initial consonant characters, producing the initial consonant of tongue, etc. The consonant system of "three words" is also constructed. Through the analysis of the rhyme materials, it is found that the characteristics of the rhyme category of "San Yan" are as follows: part of the mixture or disappearance of the end of the rhyme, the combination of the blocking and the former, the confluence of the rhyme of "Geng steamed" and the rhyme of Tongji. Closed rhyme [-m] has evolved into [-n], the range of vowel vowels [I] and vowels [u] has been expanded. The characteristics of Sanyan in terms of tone are divided equally into yin and yang, turbid up to change, flat voice and upper sound mixing, flat sound and desound mixing, and existence of entering sound. Finally, by summing up the characteristics of the sound, rhyme and tone of "three words", it is concluded that "three words" is written on the basis of Hongchaobian dialect of Jianghuai official dialect.
【学位授予单位】：温州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：H114

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